{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413994611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090559","title":"Research on Dual-Loop ADRC for PMSM Based on Opposition-Based Learning Hybrid Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Research on Dual-Loop ADRC for PMSM Based on Opposition-Based Learning Hybrid Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413994611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/559/pdf?version=1756969897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/559/pdf?version=1756969897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003762553","display_name":"Longda Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-5900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7350606","display_name":"Dalian Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gp45n31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longda Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102151128","display_name":"Zhang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7350606","display_name":"Dalian Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gp45n31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078146147","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-2948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7350606","display_name":"Dalian Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gp45n31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7350606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026381384","display_name":"Yan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-3327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089621","display_name":"Chizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/007cx7r28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026381384","https://openalex.org/A5102151128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089621","https://openalex.org/I7350606"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3031994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"559","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opposition","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","score":0.6563038229942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5596526861190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.5435566306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5251797437667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.5080223083496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.49735310673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.43176764249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30825796723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2646138072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21604415774345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.16622933745384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09058240056037903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6563038229942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5596526861190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5435566306114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5251797437667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5080223083496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.49735310673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.43176764249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30825796723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2646138072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21604415774345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.16622933745384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09058240056037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/559/pdf?version=1756969897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:614db5dee6f44dd1bb36a25e6b956278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/614db5dee6f44dd1bb36a25e6b956278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 559 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/559/pdf?version=1756969897","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329980","display_name":"Chizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/007cx7r28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413994611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413994611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015107988","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2135493101","https://openalex.org/W2516713989","https://openalex.org/W2621227348","https://openalex.org/W2760225670","https://openalex.org/W2774189117","https://openalex.org/W2801583378","https://openalex.org/W2903101953","https://openalex.org/W2984074761","https://openalex.org/W3162943538","https://openalex.org/W3169215193","https://openalex.org/W4220935280","https://openalex.org/W4291653567","https://openalex.org/W4316660779","https://openalex.org/W4389082427","https://openalex.org/W4390571086","https://openalex.org/W4392796872","https://openalex.org/W4399073940","https://openalex.org/W4399428142","https://openalex.org/W4400033169","https://openalex.org/W4400948865","https://openalex.org/W4403794169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W182058443","https://openalex.org/W2490768301","https://openalex.org/W3171504412","https://openalex.org/W2478458548","https://openalex.org/W2490610300","https://openalex.org/W39094661","https://openalex.org/W4386380567","https://openalex.org/W4361003648","https://openalex.org/W3170490725","https://openalex.org/W4293493360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,83],"enhance":[1,114],"the":[2,39,47,60,63,76,85,125,135,148,197],"speed":[3,132,156,170],"regulation":[4,171],"accuracy":[5,159,172,212],"and":[6,43,109,157,173,206,213],"robustness":[7],"of":[8,46,62,87,134,210],"permanent":[9],"magnet":[10],"synchronous":[11],"motor":[12],"(PMSM)":[13],"drives":[14],"under":[15,175],"complex":[16,176],"operating":[17,177],"conditions,":[18],"this":[19],"paper":[20],"proposes":[21],"a":[22,52],"dual-loop":[23],"active":[24,68],"disturbance":[25,69,214],"rejection":[26,70,215],"control":[27,41,133,199],"strategy":[28,167,200],"optimized":[29],"by":[30],"an":[31,67,92],"opposition-based":[32,93,111],"learning":[33,94,112],"hybrid":[34,95],"optimization":[35,96,139],"algorithm":[36,97,102],"(DLADRC-OBLHOA).":[37],"First,":[38],"vector":[40],"system":[42],"ADRC":[44,90,127],"model":[45],"PMSM":[48,136],"are":[49],"established.":[50],"Then,":[51],"nonlinear":[53],"function,":[54],"ifal,":[55],"is":[56,72,99,121,141],"introduced":[57,74],"to":[58,79,113,123,161],"improve":[59],"performance":[61,140],"speed-loop":[64,126],"ADRC.":[65],"Meanwhile,":[66],"controller":[71],"also":[73],"into":[75],"current":[77,81],"loop":[78],"suppress":[80],"disturbances.":[82],"address":[84],"challenge":[86],"tuning":[88],"multiple":[89],"parameters,":[91,128],"(OBLHOA)":[98],"developed.":[100],"This":[101],"integrates":[103],"chaotic":[104],"mapping":[105],"for":[106],"population":[107],"initialization":[108],"employs":[110],"global":[115],"search":[116],"capability.":[117,216],"The":[118,165],"proposed":[119,166],"OBLHOA":[120],"utilized":[122],"optimize":[124],"thereby":[129],"achieving":[130],"high-precision":[131],"system.":[137],"Its":[138],"validated":[142],"on":[143,181,189],"12":[144],"benchmark":[145],"functions":[146],"from":[147],"IEEE":[149],"CEC2022":[150],"test":[151],"suite,":[152],"demonstrating":[153],"superior":[154,169],"convergence":[155],"solution":[158],"compared":[160],"conventional":[162],"heuristic":[163],"algorithms.":[164],"achieves":[168],"reliability":[174],"conditions":[178],"when":[179],"deployed":[180],"high-performance":[182],"processors,":[183],"but":[184],"its":[185],"effectiveness":[186],"may":[187],"diminish":[188],"resource-limited":[190],"hardware.":[191],"Moreover,":[192],"simulation":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"DLADRC-OBLHOA":[198],"outperforms":[201],"PI":[202],"control,":[203],"traditional":[204],"ADRC,":[205],"ADRC-ifal":[207],"in":[208],"terms":[209],"tracking":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
