{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411062981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344","title":"A Novel Connected-Components Algorithm for 2D Binarized Images","display_name":"A Novel Connected-Components Algorithm for 2D Binarized Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411062981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18060344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/344/pdf?version=1749117609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/344/pdf?version=1749117609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031177491","display_name":"Costin-Anton Boiangiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-4022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Costin-Anton Boiangiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007624045","display_name":"Giorgiana Violeta Vl\u0103sceanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-3812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgiana-Violeta Vl\u0103sceanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097026923","display_name":"Constantin-Eduard St\u0103niloiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantin-Eduard St\u0103niloiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087013215","display_name":"Nicolae Tarb\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-8289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolae Tarb\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000795402","display_name":"Mihai-Lucian Voncil\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-9125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai-Lucian Voncil\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031177491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.6402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93059136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"344","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086301803588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5658679008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4030979871749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3686944544315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33228692412376404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086301803588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5658679008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4030979871749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3686944544315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33228692412376404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18060344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/344/pdf?version=1749117609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc9d74f831b64d11b3f90c9ae36300d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc9d74f831b64d11b3f90c9ae36300d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 6, p 344 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18060344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/344/pdf?version=1749117609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2930053882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PubArt","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329445","funder_display_name":"Universitatea Politehnica din Bucure\u0219ti"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324335","display_name":"Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2v6p15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329445","display_name":"Universitatea Politehnica din Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411062981.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411062981.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482166000","https://openalex.org/W1770094680","https://openalex.org/W1966382373","https://openalex.org/W1976678415","https://openalex.org/W2036804625","https://openalex.org/W2037320310","https://openalex.org/W2054403892","https://openalex.org/W2065429801","https://openalex.org/W2070784585","https://openalex.org/W2115521901","https://openalex.org/W2120646872","https://openalex.org/W2130452018","https://openalex.org/W2155803963","https://openalex.org/W2327212351","https://openalex.org/W2536865735","https://openalex.org/W2606438808","https://openalex.org/W2608311224","https://openalex.org/W2763221748","https://openalex.org/W2780222960","https://openalex.org/W2791663731","https://openalex.org/W2902330272","https://openalex.org/W2921114310","https://openalex.org/W2960815691","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2969146057","https://openalex.org/W2981035923","https://openalex.org/W3105857276","https://openalex.org/W3174500449","https://openalex.org/W4212984849","https://openalex.org/W4221150276","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W4297624503","https://openalex.org/W4388110886","https://openalex.org/W4396506120","https://openalex.org/W4401070064","https://openalex.org/W6843155993","https://openalex.org/W6857877709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,46,55],"new":[4],"memory-efficient":[5],"algorithm":[6],"for":[7,63],"connected-components":[8],"labeling":[9],"in":[10],"binary":[11,60],"images,":[12],"which":[13],"is":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,68,95,135],"run-length":[17,76],"encoding.":[18],"Unlike":[19],"conventional":[20],"pixel-based":[21],"methods":[22],"that":[23],"scan":[24],"and":[25,42,107],"label":[26],"individual":[27],"pixels":[28],"using":[29,45,54],"global":[30],"buffers":[31],"or":[32,85],"disjoint-set":[33],"structures,":[34],"our":[35,88,117,128],"approach":[36],"encodes":[37],"rows":[38],"as":[39,80,104],"linked":[40],"segments":[41],"merges":[43],"them":[44],"union-by-size":[47],"strategy.":[48],"We":[49],"accelerate":[50],"run":[51],"detection":[52],"by":[53,140],"precomputed":[56],"16-bit":[57],"cache":[58],"of":[59],"patterns,":[61],"allowing":[62],"fast":[64],"decoding":[65],"without":[66],"relying":[67],"bitwise":[69],"CPU":[70],"instructions.":[71],"When":[72],"compared":[73],"against":[74],"other":[75,100],"encoded":[77],"algorithms,":[78,102],"such":[79,103],"the":[81],"Scan-Based":[82],"Labeling":[83],"Algorithm":[84],"Run-Based":[86],"Two-Scan,":[87],"method":[89,129],"achieves":[90],"up":[91,112,141],"to":[92,113,126,131,142],"35%":[93],"faster":[94,115],"most":[96],"real-world":[97],"datasets.":[98],"While":[99],"binary-optimized":[101],"Bit-Run":[105],"Two-Scan":[106],"Bit-Merge":[108],"Run":[109],"Scan,":[110],"are":[111],"45%":[114],"than":[116],"algorithm,":[118],"they":[119],"require":[120],"much":[121],"higher":[122],"memory":[123,133],"usage.":[124],"Compared":[125],"them,":[127],"tends":[130],"reduce":[132],"consumption":[134],"some":[136],"large":[137],"document":[138],"datasets":[139],"80%.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}