{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409805130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050251","title":"A Virtual Power Plant-Integrated Proactive Voltage Regulation Framework for Urban Distribution Networks: Enhanced Termite Life Cycle Optimization Algorithm and Dynamic Coordination","display_name":"A Virtual Power Plant-Integrated Proactive Voltage Regulation Framework for Urban Distribution Networks: Enhanced Termite Life Cycle Optimization Algorithm and Dynamic Coordination","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409805130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18050251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/251/pdf?version=1745584824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/251/pdf?version=1745584824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101762803","display_name":"Yonglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100942597","display_name":"Zhao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-9018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039411406","display_name":"Changtao Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-3768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changtao Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111006612","display_name":"Rongfei Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongfei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company, Jinan 250013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398003","display_name":"Yue Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-5646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047394147","display_name":"Changgang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-2306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changgang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100398003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06765716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"251","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6088162064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.5738393068313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5456086993217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5118788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.480350136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4577319920063019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4443243443965912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-life","display_name":"Artificial life","score":0.4384268522262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38196247816085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3468865156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17289873957633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16368591785430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.1490420401096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11288416385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11039122939109802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6088162064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.5738393068313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5456086993217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5118788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.480350136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4577319920063019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4443243443965912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.4384268522262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38196247816085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3468865156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17289873957633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16368591785430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.1490420401096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11288416385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11039122939109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18050251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/251/pdf?version=1745584824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9945646a0dbf468b88285d4c77ab8dc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9945646a0dbf468b88285d4c77ab8dc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 5, p 251 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18050251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050251","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/251/pdf?version=1745584824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5564861923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52060124000C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336324","funder_display_name":"State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336324","display_name":"State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409805130.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409805130.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114056273","https://openalex.org/W3163634303","https://openalex.org/W3174062759","https://openalex.org/W4210508001","https://openalex.org/W4211106158","https://openalex.org/W4309408752","https://openalex.org/W4310136233","https://openalex.org/W4313487211","https://openalex.org/W4361765595","https://openalex.org/W4385347227","https://openalex.org/W4385759614","https://openalex.org/W4387789473","https://openalex.org/W4388240352","https://openalex.org/W4389459274","https://openalex.org/W4392642836","https://openalex.org/W4393065912","https://openalex.org/W4396718847","https://openalex.org/W4398250261","https://openalex.org/W4403277022","https://openalex.org/W4403510663","https://openalex.org/W4406868372","https://openalex.org/W4406932967","https://openalex.org/W4406985501","https://openalex.org/W4406985518","https://openalex.org/W4406985694","https://openalex.org/W4406985870","https://openalex.org/W4407736222","https://openalex.org/W6797729397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300310900","https://openalex.org/W2004209846","https://openalex.org/W67691828","https://openalex.org/W2545627629","https://openalex.org/W2537246788","https://openalex.org/W2783037270","https://openalex.org/W4386711720","https://openalex.org/W3112370676","https://openalex.org/W3025406132","https://openalex.org/W4214553788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Amid":[0],"global":[1],"decarbonization":[2],"mandates,":[3],"urban":[4],"distribution":[5],"networks":[6],"(UDNs)":[7],"face":[8],"escalating":[9],"voltage":[10,59,153],"volatility":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,97,150,163],"proliferating":[14],"distributed":[15],"energy":[16],"resources":[17],"(DERs)":[18],"and":[19,26,34,46,94,116,124,166,184],"emerging":[20],"loads":[21,168],"(e.g.,":[22],"5G":[23],"base":[24],"stations":[25],"data":[27],"centers).":[28],"While":[29],"virtual":[30],"power":[31],"plants":[32],"(VPPs)":[33],"network":[35],"reconfiguration":[36],"mitigate":[37],"operational":[38],"risks,":[39],"extant":[40],"methods":[41],"inadequately":[42],"model":[43,73],"load":[44,72],"flexibility":[45,182],"suffer":[47],"from":[48],"algorithmic":[49],"stagnation":[50],"in":[51,103,181],"non-convex":[52],"optimization.":[53],"This":[54],"study":[55],"proposes":[56],"a":[57,69,107,151,158,189],"proactive":[58],"control":[60,109],"framework":[61],"addressing":[62],"these":[63],"gaps":[64,180],"through":[65,133],"three":[66],"innovations.":[67],"First,":[68],"dynamic":[70],"cyber-physical":[71],"quantifies":[74],"5G/data":[75],"centers\u2019":[76],"demand":[77],"elasticity":[78],"as":[79],"schedulable":[80],"VPP":[81,113],"resources.":[82],"Second,":[83],"an":[84],"Improved":[85],"Termite":[86],"Life":[87],"Cycle":[88],"Optimizer":[89],"(ITLCO)":[90],"integrates":[91],"chaotic":[92],"initialization":[93],"quantum":[95],"tunneling":[96],"evade":[98],"local":[99],"optima,":[100],"enhancing":[101],"convergence":[102],"high-dimensional":[104],"spaces.":[105],"Third,":[106],"hierarchical":[108],"architecture":[110],"coordinates":[111],"the":[112,128,137],"reactive":[114],"dispatch":[115],"topology":[117],"adaptation":[118],"via":[119],"mixed-integer":[120],"programming.":[121],"The":[122,176],"effectiveness":[123],"economic":[125],"viability":[126],"of":[127,136],"proposed":[129],"strategy":[130],"are":[131],"validated":[132],"multi-scenario":[134],"simulations":[135],"modified":[138],"IEEE":[139],"33-bus":[140],"system":[141],"(represented":[142],"by":[143],"12.66":[144],"kV,":[145],"it":[146],"is":[147],"actually":[148],"oriented":[149],"broader":[152],"scene).":[154],"These":[155],"advancements":[156],"establish":[157],"scalable":[159],"paradigm":[160],"for":[161,193],"UDNs":[162],"harness":[164],"DERs":[165],"next-gen":[167],"while":[169],"maintaining":[170],"grid":[171],"stability":[172],"under":[173],"net-zero":[174],"transitions.":[175],"methodology":[177],"bridges":[178],"theoretical":[179],"modeling":[183],"metaheuristic":[185],"optimization,":[186],"offering":[187],"utilities":[188],"computationally":[190],"efficient":[191],"tool":[192],"real-world":[194],"implementation.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}