{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409564453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040232","title":"A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Cell Annotation of scRNA-Seq Data","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Cell Annotation of scRNA-Seq Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409564453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/232/pdf?version=1744960334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/232/pdf?version=1744960334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103111096","display_name":"Shahid Ahmad Wani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59475050","display_name":"Jamia Millia Islamia","ror":"https://ror.org/00pnhhv55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Ahmad Wani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068776678","display_name":"S. M. K. Quadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59475050","display_name":"Jamia Millia Islamia","ror":"https://ror.org/00pnhhv55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SMK Quadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067177530","display_name":"Mohammad Shuaib Mir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3212-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shuaib Mir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013837562","display_name":"Yonis Gulzar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonis Gulzar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013837562","https://openalex.org/A5103111096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529","https://openalex.org/I4626487","https://openalex.org/I59475050"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71896495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6928753852844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6613152027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45697909593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3555852174758911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6928753852844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6613152027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45697909593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3555852174758911}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/232/pdf?version=1744960334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5738ccb90d1b4bcfa4f313af03bf5859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5738ccb90d1b4bcfa4f313af03bf5859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 232 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/232/pdf?version=1744960334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409564453.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W873782400","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1813068103","https://openalex.org/W2088794999","https://openalex.org/W2149573463","https://openalex.org/W2178888844","https://openalex.org/W2332292689","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2567510066","https://openalex.org/W2610774430","https://openalex.org/W2743416243","https://openalex.org/W2791624046","https://openalex.org/W2794480084","https://openalex.org/W2794521141","https://openalex.org/W2885376126","https://openalex.org/W2895456557","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897044695","https://openalex.org/W2899190218","https://openalex.org/W2931036699","https://openalex.org/W2949177718","https://openalex.org/W2950684648","https://openalex.org/W2951506174","https://openalex.org/W2951560273","https://openalex.org/W2951737297","https://openalex.org/W2951914955","https://openalex.org/W2959295202","https://openalex.org/W2966569571","https://openalex.org/W2973034691","https://openalex.org/W2995410603","https://openalex.org/W3004512212","https://openalex.org/W3019420398","https://openalex.org/W3024842005","https://openalex.org/W3036137852","https://openalex.org/W3165190053","https://openalex.org/W3198628780","https://openalex.org/W3203496375","https://openalex.org/W3215470628","https://openalex.org/W4210595896","https://openalex.org/W4213151496","https://openalex.org/W4297243391","https://openalex.org/W4318559707","https://openalex.org/W4324045291","https://openalex.org/W4362560756","https://openalex.org/W4385421874","https://openalex.org/W4385948311","https://openalex.org/W4386084242","https://openalex.org/W4386394301","https://openalex.org/W4386776727","https://openalex.org/W4388127916","https://openalex.org/W4389393033","https://openalex.org/W4392168151","https://openalex.org/W4393153069","https://openalex.org/W6808709201","https://openalex.org/W6856617799","https://openalex.org/W6857308032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"cell":[1,74,113,118],"type":[2],"annotation":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,28],"critical":[6],"step":[7],"in":[8,93,110,132,162],"single-cell":[9,61,154],"RNA":[10],"sequencing":[11],"(scRNA-seq)":[12],"analysis,":[13],"enabling":[14],"deeper":[15],"insights":[16,142],"into":[17,143],"cellular":[18],"heterogeneity":[19],"and":[20,53,115,135,147],"biological":[21],"processes.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"study,":[25],"we":[26],"conducted":[27],"comprehensive":[29],"comparative":[30],"evaluation":[31],"of":[32,73,96,149],"various":[33],"machine":[34,40,150],"learning":[35,151],"techniques,":[36,87],"including":[37],"support":[38],"vector":[39],"(SVM),":[41],"decision":[42],"tree,":[43],"random":[44],"forest,":[45],"logistic":[46,103],"regression,":[47],"gradient":[48],"boosting,":[49],"k-nearest":[50],"neighbour,":[51],"transformer,":[52],"naive":[54,121],"Bayes,":[55],"to":[56,128],"determine":[57],"their":[58],"effectiveness":[59],"for":[60,153,158],"annotation.":[62],"These":[63],"methods":[64,106,152],"were":[65],"evaluated":[66],"using":[67],"four":[68,98],"diverse":[69],"datasets":[70],"comprising":[71],"hundreds":[72],"types":[75,114],"across":[76],"several":[77],"tissues.":[78],"Our":[79],"results":[80],"revealed":[81],"that":[82],"SVM":[83],"consistently":[84],"outperformed":[85],"other":[86],"emerging":[88],"as":[89],"the":[90,97,124,144],"top":[91],"performer":[92],"three":[94],"out":[95],"datasets,":[99],"followed":[100],"closely":[101],"by":[102],"regression.":[104],"Most":[105],"demonstrated":[107],"robust":[108],"capabilities":[109],"annotating":[111],"major":[112],"identifying":[116],"rare":[117],"populations,":[119],"though":[120],"Bayes":[122],"was":[123],"least":[125],"effective":[126],"due":[127],"its":[129],"inherent":[130],"limitations":[131],"handling":[133],"high-dimensional":[134],"interdependent":[136],"data.":[137],"This":[138],"study":[139],"provides":[140],"valuable":[141],"relative":[145],"strengths":[146],"weaknesses":[148],"annotation,":[155],"offering":[156],"guidance":[157],"selecting":[159],"appropriate":[160],"techniques":[161],"scRNA-seq":[163],"analyses.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
