{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389045310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120543","title":"A Multi-Class Deep Learning Approach for Early Detection of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Using Twitter Data","display_name":"A Multi-Class Deep Learning Approach for Early Detection of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Using Twitter Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389045310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16120543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/12/543/pdf?version=1701099782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/12/543/pdf?version=1701099782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092923030","display_name":"Lamia Bendebane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-262X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132180716","display_name":"Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi","ror":"https://ror.org/0034tbg85","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lamia Bendebane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory on Computer Science\u2019s Complex Systems (ReLa(CS)2), University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory on Computer Science\u2019s Complex Systems (ReLa(CS)2), University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076297172","display_name":"Zakaria Laboudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132180716","display_name":"Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi","ror":"https://ror.org/0034tbg85","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zakaria Laboudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networks and Telecommunications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networks and Telecommunications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007627975","display_name":"Asma Saighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-2262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132180716","display_name":"Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi","ror":"https://ror.org/0034tbg85","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Saighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Things (LIAOA), University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Things (LIAOA), University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109708539","display_name":"Hassan Al-Tarawneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Al-Tarawneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11942, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11942, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027644473","display_name":"Adel Ouannas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132180716","display_name":"Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi","ror":"https://ror.org/0034tbg85","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Ouannas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Larbi Ben M\u2019hidi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Larbi Ben M\u2019hidi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055199720","display_name":"Giuseppe Grassi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Grassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione, Universita del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione, Universita del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076297172","https://openalex.org/A5092923030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132180716"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.0089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97349595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"543","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6966050863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6733341217041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6417109966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.617005467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.5516001582145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5235483050346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5124905109405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.45594820380210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4505772888660431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4415636658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.41269057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.26662197709083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18748238682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.10301798582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.0939435064792633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6966050863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6733341217041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6417109966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.617005467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5516001582145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5235483050346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5124905109405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.45594820380210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4505772888660431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4415636658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.41269057989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26662197709083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18748238682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10301798582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0939435064792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16120543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/12/543/pdf?version=1701099782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3411a9e2a2ec4f92b8a543debf5b76de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3411a9e2a2ec4f92b8a543debf5b76de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 543 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16120543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/12/543/pdf?version=1701099782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335007","display_name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Recherche Scientifique et du D\u00e9veloppement Technologique","ror":"https://ror.org/04jpfrv51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389045310.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2740966010","https://openalex.org/W2807710762","https://openalex.org/W2883742938","https://openalex.org/W2910593944","https://openalex.org/W2941393987","https://openalex.org/W2967917453","https://openalex.org/W2982495231","https://openalex.org/W2990772077","https://openalex.org/W2996588511","https://openalex.org/W2996918042","https://openalex.org/W2998644122","https://openalex.org/W3000918316","https://openalex.org/W3004297621","https://openalex.org/W3011142078","https://openalex.org/W3017280632","https://openalex.org/W3025899167","https://openalex.org/W3033346322","https://openalex.org/W3033913896","https://openalex.org/W3043553083","https://openalex.org/W3115063109","https://openalex.org/W3120564254","https://openalex.org/W3121412789","https://openalex.org/W3124854127","https://openalex.org/W3131387325","https://openalex.org/W3136967097","https://openalex.org/W3167939777","https://openalex.org/W3171376656","https://openalex.org/W3172570965","https://openalex.org/W3176189029","https://openalex.org/W3199956316","https://openalex.org/W3213632075","https://openalex.org/W4200422752","https://openalex.org/W4200425003","https://openalex.org/W4210434817","https://openalex.org/W4214651226","https://openalex.org/W4220916703","https://openalex.org/W4220928686","https://openalex.org/W4225328981","https://openalex.org/W4237030565","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4283512721","https://openalex.org/W4315649445","https://openalex.org/W4386962768","https://openalex.org/W6691431627","https://openalex.org/W6780673630","https://openalex.org/W6805066391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W3124943098","https://openalex.org/W4308112567","https://openalex.org/W3162132941","https://openalex.org/W3128189270","https://openalex.org/W3158472548","https://openalex.org/W2999368888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,29],"occupies":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"place":[5],"in":[6,178,220],"people\u2019s":[7],"daily":[8],"lives":[9],"where":[10],"users":[11],"share":[12],"various":[13,65,234],"contents":[14],"and":[15,22,84,167,197,230,236,257,274],"topics":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"thoughts,":[19],"experiences,":[20],"events":[21],"feelings.":[23],"The":[24,175,241],"massive":[25],"use":[26,154,259],"of":[27,35,38,49,52,75,79,89,133,155,173,183,248,260],"social":[28],"has":[30],"led":[31],"to":[32,102,129,158,190,193,206,217,244,253,278],"the":[33,47,73,77,87,93,140,153,171,202,212,246,250,255,258,269],"generation":[34],"huge":[36],"volumes":[37,51],"data.":[39],"These":[40],"data":[41,90,256],"constitute":[42],"a":[43,149,180],"treasure":[44],"trove,":[45],"allowing":[46],"extraction":[48],"high":[50],"relevant":[53],"information":[54],"particularly":[55],"by":[56,115,232],"involving":[57,152],"deep":[58,156,184],"learning":[59,157,185,213],"techniques.":[60],"Based":[61],"on":[62,111],"this":[63,145],"context,":[64],"research":[66],"studies":[67,99],"have":[68],"been":[69],"carried":[70],"out":[71],"with":[72,135],"aim":[74,242],"studying":[76],"detection":[78],"mental":[80,118,137],"disorders,":[81],"notably":[82],"depression":[83,166],"anxiety,":[85],"through":[86,170,227],"analysis":[88,172],"extracted":[91],"from":[92,188],"Twitter":[94],"platform.":[95],"However,":[96],"although":[97],"these":[98],"were":[100],"able":[101],"achieve":[103],"very":[104,275],"satisfactory":[105,273],"results,":[106],"they":[107],"nevertheless":[108],"relied":[109],"mainly":[110],"binary":[112,238,265],"classification":[113,239],"models":[114,162,186,262],"treating":[116],"each":[117],"disorder":[119],"separately.":[120],"Indeed,":[121],"it":[122],"would":[123],"be":[124],"better":[125],"if":[126],"we":[127,147,200],"managed":[128],"develop":[130,159],"systems":[131],"capable":[132],"dealing":[134],"several":[136,228],"disorders":[138,169],"at":[139],"same":[141],"time.":[142],"To":[143],"address":[144],"point,":[146],"propose":[148],"well-defined":[150],"methodology":[151],"effective":[160],"multi-class":[161,261],"for":[163,211],"detecting":[164],"both":[165,249],"anxiety":[168],"tweets.":[174],"idea":[176],"consists":[177],"testing":[179],"large":[181],"number":[182],"ranging":[187],"simple":[189],"hybrid":[191],"variants":[192],"examine":[194],"their":[195],"strengths":[196],"weaknesses.":[198],"Moreover,":[199],"involve":[201],"grid":[203],"search":[204],"technique":[205],"help":[207],"find":[208],"suitable":[209],"values":[210],"rate":[214],"hyper-parameter":[215],"due":[216],"its":[218],"importance":[219],"training":[221],"models.":[222,240,267],"Our":[223],"work":[224],"is":[225,243],"validated":[226],"experiments":[229],"comparisons":[231],"considering":[233],"datasets":[235],"other":[237],"show":[245],"effectiveness":[247],"assumptions":[251],"used":[252],"collect":[254],"rather":[263],"than":[264],"class":[266],"Overall,":[268],"results":[270],"obtained":[271],"are":[272],"competitive":[276],"compared":[277],"related":[279],"works.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
