{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387265112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100464","title":"Data-Driven Analysis of Student Engagement in Time-Limited Computer Laboratories","display_name":"Data-Driven Analysis of Student Engagement in Time-Limited Computer Laboratories","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387265112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/464/pdf?version=1696235654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/464/pdf?version=1696235654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746215","display_name":"Luca Cagliero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Cagliero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007698952","display_name":"Lorenzo Canale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-595X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802607104","display_name":"Radiotelevisione Italiana (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rfemm41","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802607104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Canale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technological Innovation, Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI), Via Giovanni Carlo Cavalli 6, 10129 Torino, Italy","Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technological Innovation, Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI), Via Giovanni Carlo Cavalli 6, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802607104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008223229","display_name":"Laura Farinetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-4192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Farinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001746215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76501767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"464","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7804132103919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6553101539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.5891239047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5710691809654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.5393156409263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5126237273216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3393780291080475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33577656745910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33075591921806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16260582208633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.16030192375183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09516489505767822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7804132103919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6553101539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.5891239047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5710691809654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.5393156409263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5126237273216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3393780291080475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33577656745910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33075591921806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16260582208633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.16030192375183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09516489505767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/464/pdf?version=1696235654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c1098bc9aef4dc6949cacefefb644ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c1098bc9aef4dc6949cacefefb644ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 464 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/16/10/464/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16100464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16100464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16100464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/10/464/pdf?version=1696235654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387265112.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492147539","https://openalex.org/W1538327918","https://openalex.org/W1996973013","https://openalex.org/W2002084578","https://openalex.org/W2021427605","https://openalex.org/W2039958052","https://openalex.org/W2047706901","https://openalex.org/W2050781086","https://openalex.org/W2051989764","https://openalex.org/W2109944718","https://openalex.org/W2118684492","https://openalex.org/W2136197452","https://openalex.org/W2147694185","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2286501037","https://openalex.org/W2326231281","https://openalex.org/W2409832138","https://openalex.org/W2510091332","https://openalex.org/W2548880850","https://openalex.org/W2588855640","https://openalex.org/W2593639882","https://openalex.org/W2724645038","https://openalex.org/W2752584402","https://openalex.org/W2763777780","https://openalex.org/W2791087214","https://openalex.org/W2793690193","https://openalex.org/W2809686080","https://openalex.org/W2893337773","https://openalex.org/W2911930513","https://openalex.org/W2947300670","https://openalex.org/W2950541125","https://openalex.org/W2995208546","https://openalex.org/W3000065748","https://openalex.org/W3011830801","https://openalex.org/W3014646985","https://openalex.org/W3037971057","https://openalex.org/W3041823931","https://openalex.org/W3113251014","https://openalex.org/W4231285115","https://openalex.org/W4232619139","https://openalex.org/W4236266038","https://openalex.org/W4255215277","https://openalex.org/W6668073254","https://openalex.org/W6682175557","https://openalex.org/W6787593767","https://openalex.org/W6844733635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2062641654","https://openalex.org/W2352602608","https://openalex.org/W2056065966","https://openalex.org/W2212288070","https://openalex.org/W3023262859","https://openalex.org/W3213987435","https://openalex.org/W1517786189","https://openalex.org/W2367675495","https://openalex.org/W2132420969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"laboratories":[1],"are":[2,97,116],"learning":[3,39,188],"environments":[4],"where":[5,38],"students":[6,71,128],"learn":[7],"programming":[8],"languages":[9],"by":[10,63,99],"practicing":[11],"under":[12],"teaching":[13,92],"assistants\u2019":[14],"supervision.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"presents":[18],"the":[19,32,44,50,55,60,67,70,76,81,83,89,140,146,149,157,166,174,184],"outcomes":[20],"of":[21,34,43,49,57,59,69,91,101,136,160,186],"a":[22,35,102],"real":[23],"case":[24],"study":[25,51],"carried":[26],"out":[27],"in":[28,31,138],"our":[29],"university":[30],"context":[33],"database":[36],"course,":[37],"SQL":[40],"is":[41,52],"one":[42],"main":[45],"topics.":[46],"The":[47,94,113,162],"aim":[48],"to":[53,72,79,118,129,133,180],"analyze":[54],"level":[56,135],"engagement":[58,137,170],"laboratory":[61,74],"participants":[62],"tracing":[64],"and":[65,88,122,165],"correlating":[66],"accesses":[68],"each":[73],"exercise,":[75],"successful/failed":[77],"attempts":[78],"solve":[80],"exercises,":[82],"students\u2019":[84],"requests":[85],"for":[86,183],"help,":[87],"interventions":[90],"assistants.":[93],"acquired":[95],"data":[96,176],"analyzed":[98],"means":[100],"sequence":[103],"pattern":[104,158],"mining":[105,150],"approach,":[106],"which":[107],"automatically":[108],"discovers":[109],"recurrent":[110],"temporal":[111],"patterns.":[112],"mined":[114],"patterns":[115],"mapped":[117],"behavioral,":[119],"cognitive":[120],"engagement,":[121],"affective":[123],"key":[124],"indicators,":[125,148],"thus":[126],"allowing":[127],"be":[130,181],"profiled":[131],"according":[132],"their":[134],"all":[139],"identified":[141],"dimensions.":[142],"To":[143],"efficiently":[144],"extract":[145],"desired":[147],"algorithm":[151],"enforces":[152],"ad":[153],"hoc":[154],"constraints":[155],"on":[156],"categories":[159],"interest.":[161],"student":[163],"profiles":[164],"correlations":[167],"among":[168],"different":[169],"dimensions":[171],"extracted":[172],"from":[173],"experimental":[175],"have":[177],"been":[178],"shown":[179],"helpful":[182],"planning":[185],"future":[187],"experiences.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
