{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320729666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16020112","title":"V-SOC4AS: A Vehicle-SOC for Improving Automotive Security","display_name":"V-SOC4AS: A Vehicle-SOC for Improving Automotive Security","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320729666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16020112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16020112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16020112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/2/112/pdf?version=1676360725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/2/112/pdf?version=1676360725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065448436","display_name":"Vita Santa Barletta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-6786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vita Santa Barletta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015407119","display_name":"Danilo Caivano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Caivano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036508567","display_name":"Mirko De Vincentiis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2314-3253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirko De Vincentiis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038398326","display_name":"Azzurra Ragone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzurra Ragone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070640567","display_name":"Michele Scalera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Scalera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029403444","display_name":"Manuel Serrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-5659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel \u00c1ngel Serrano Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Tecnolog\u00edas y Sistemas de Informaci\u00f3n, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00edas y Sistemas de Informaci\u00f3n, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036508567","https://openalex.org/A5065448436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.9802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94307323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"112","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexray","display_name":"FlexRay","score":0.6788604855537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6688513159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6326911449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/can-bus","display_name":"CAN bus","score":0.5698956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.538976788520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5343180298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5011966228485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.4916549324989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.488608181476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.4612971246242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3854266107082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19205200672149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1285620629787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.11369350552558899}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571846","display_name":"FlexRay","level":3,"score":0.6788604855537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6688513159751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6326911449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201762086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728183","display_name":"CAN bus","level":2,"score":0.5698956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.538976788520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5343180298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5011966228485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.4916549324989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.488608181476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.4612971246242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3854266107082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19205200672149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1285620629787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.11369350552558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16020112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16020112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/2/112/pdf?version=1676360725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21dfbcbe2cae4c29aa222fd8f3d722cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21dfbcbe2cae4c29aa222fd8f3d722cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 112 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/16/2/112/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16020112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/438360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11586/438360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a16020112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a16020112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/16/2/112/pdf?version=1676360725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320729666.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1095511015","https://openalex.org/W1970470098","https://openalex.org/W2196872986","https://openalex.org/W2464037380","https://openalex.org/W2587647351","https://openalex.org/W2620604911","https://openalex.org/W2678934292","https://openalex.org/W2760701490","https://openalex.org/W2780573978","https://openalex.org/W2883374116","https://openalex.org/W2886220346","https://openalex.org/W2897929592","https://openalex.org/W2913402274","https://openalex.org/W2920138916","https://openalex.org/W2921212998","https://openalex.org/W2935839804","https://openalex.org/W2943102893","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2959120033","https://openalex.org/W2964262308","https://openalex.org/W2989230094","https://openalex.org/W2989817168","https://openalex.org/W2992860123","https://openalex.org/W3022117740","https://openalex.org/W3045127707","https://openalex.org/W3105105644","https://openalex.org/W3119785385","https://openalex.org/W3124679418","https://openalex.org/W3153427056","https://openalex.org/W3198295470","https://openalex.org/W4285174670","https://openalex.org/W4285816444","https://openalex.org/W4294651314","https://openalex.org/W6772791280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988512354","https://openalex.org/W2118026734","https://openalex.org/W2016184484","https://openalex.org/W2389816097","https://openalex.org/W3040077522","https://openalex.org/W4385688433","https://openalex.org/W2056205537","https://openalex.org/W2896176694","https://openalex.org/W2146806752","https://openalex.org/W2382381551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"embedded":[1],"systems":[2,98],"into":[3],"next-generation":[4],"vehicles":[5,153],"is":[6,75,86,268],"proliferating":[7],"as":[8,190],"they":[9],"increase":[10],"safety,":[11],"efficiency,":[12],"and":[13,65,101,110,118,124,133,142,148,171,176,192,194,210,229,244],"driving":[14],"comfort.":[15],"These":[16],"functionalities":[17],"are":[18],"provided":[19],"by":[20,252],"hundreds":[21],"of":[22,67,82,161,173,186,196,202,226],"electronic":[23],"control":[24],"units":[25],"(ECUs)":[26],"that":[27,85],"communicate":[28],"with":[29,139],"each":[30,80],"other":[31],"using":[32,255],"various":[33,162],"protocols":[34],"that,":[35],"if":[36],"not":[37],"properly":[38],"designed,":[39],"may":[40],"be":[41],"vulnerable":[42],"to":[43,60,76,104,116,154,156,236,247,270],"local":[44,91],"or":[45],"remote":[46],"attacks.":[47],"The":[48,73],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"a":[51,165,253,256,263],"vehicle-security":[52],"operation":[53],"center":[54],"for":[55,214],"improving":[56],"automotive":[57,71],"security":[58,108,242],"(V-SOC4AS)":[59],"enhance":[61],"the":[62,70,145,169,181,184,187,200,207,238,249,260,271],"detection,":[63],"response,":[64],"prevention":[66],"cyber-attacks":[68],"in":[69,78,122],"context.":[72],"goal":[74],"monitor":[77,117],"real-time":[79],"subsystem":[81],"intra-vehicle":[83,123],"communication,":[84],"controller":[87],"area":[88],"network":[89,93],"(CAN),":[90],"interconnect":[92],"(LIN),":[94],"FlexRay,":[95],"media":[96],"oriented":[97],"transport":[99],"(MOST),":[100],"Ethernet.":[102],"Therefore,":[103],"achieve":[105],"this":[106,167,205],"goal,":[107],"information":[109,143,198,243],"event":[111,245],"management":[112,246],"(SIEM)":[113],"was":[114,219,234],"used":[115,235],"detect":[119],"malicious":[120,191],"attacks":[121],"inter-vehicle":[125],"communications:":[126],"messages":[127],"transmitted":[128],"between":[129],"vehicle":[130,146,254],"ECUs;":[131],"infotainment":[132],"telematics":[134],"systems,":[135],"which":[136,151],"provide":[137],"passengers":[138],"entertainment":[140],"capabilities":[141],"about":[144,199],"system;":[147],"vehicular":[149],"ports,":[150],"allow":[152],"connect":[155],"diagnostic":[157],"devices,":[158],"upload":[159],"content":[160],"types.":[163],"As":[164],"result,":[166],"allows":[168,183],"automation":[170],"improvement":[172],"threat":[174],"detection":[175,208],"incident":[177],"response":[178,215],"processes.":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"V-SOC4AS":[182,240],"classification":[185],"received":[188],"message":[189],"non-malicious":[193],"acquisition":[195],"additional":[197],"type":[201],"attack.":[203],"Thus,":[204],"reduces":[206],"time":[209],"provides":[211],"more":[212],"support":[213],"activities.":[216],"Experimental":[217],"evaluation":[218],"conducted":[220],"on":[221],"two":[222],"state-of-the-art":[223],"attacks:":[224],"denial":[225],"service":[227],"(DoS)":[228],"fuzzing.":[230],"An":[231],"open-source":[232],"dataset":[233],"simulate":[237],"vehicles.":[239],"exploits":[241],"analyze":[248],"packets":[250],"sent":[251],"rule-based":[257],"mechanism.":[258],"If":[259],"payload":[261],"contains":[262],"CAN":[264],"frame":[265],"attack,":[266],"it":[267],"notified":[269],"SOC":[272],"analysts.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}