{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135657953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","title":"Feature and Language Selection in Temporal Symbolic Regression for Interpretable Air Quality Modelling","display_name":"Feature and Language Selection in Temporal Symbolic Regression for Interpretable Air Quality Modelling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135657953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","mag":"3135657953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14030076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/3/76/pdf?version=1616136595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/3/76/pdf?version=1616136595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012149539","display_name":"Estrella Lucena-S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estrella Lucena-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy","Department of Physics, Informatics, and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Informatics, and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003911860","display_name":"Guido Sciavicco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guido Sciavicco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033477969","display_name":"Ionel Eduard Stan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-102X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ionel Eduard Stan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003911860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1574,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1697},"fwci":0.9797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79976201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"76","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9532999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14351","display_name":"Statistical and Computational Modeling","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.880681037902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.789488673210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6262791156768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5048602223396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4907737672328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.48703867197036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-index","display_name":"Air quality index","score":0.47820258140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4529877305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44937872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.42222219705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.42222100496292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4186651110649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4143049120903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3656196892261505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2784240245819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18568256497383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.10133883357048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09159573912620544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.880681037902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.789488673210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6262791156768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5048602223396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4907737672328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48703867197036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.47820258140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4529877305030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44937872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.42222219705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.42222100496292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4186651110649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4143049120903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3656196892261505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2784240245819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18568256497383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.10133883357048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09159573912620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14030076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/3/76/pdf?version=1616136595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/524143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/524143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:709b1be4d7a443e6a36775b53e673706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/709b1be4d7a443e6a36775b53e673706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 76 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unife.it:11392/2449961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2449961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/14/3/76/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 76","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/2449961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/3/76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a14030076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a14030076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/14/3/76/pdf?version=1616136595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324162","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326075","display_name":"Regione Emilia-Romagna","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135657953.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135657953.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146989050","https://openalex.org/W149129625","https://openalex.org/W1509531727","https://openalex.org/W1513771272","https://openalex.org/W1570592502","https://openalex.org/W1592664314","https://openalex.org/W1595267482","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1978654873","https://openalex.org/W2000825106","https://openalex.org/W2014527936","https://openalex.org/W2025818749","https://openalex.org/W2038567802","https://openalex.org/W2049730605","https://openalex.org/W2061701011","https://openalex.org/W2065867158","https://openalex.org/W2084554826","https://openalex.org/W2087327261","https://openalex.org/W2093799708","https://openalex.org/W2098637521","https://openalex.org/W2102009083","https://openalex.org/W2106950236","https://openalex.org/W2134434400","https://openalex.org/W2136000097","https://openalex.org/W2161484642","https://openalex.org/W2172162418","https://openalex.org/W2327514691","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2561576489","https://openalex.org/W2767261744","https://openalex.org/W2774119575","https://openalex.org/W2798058877","https://openalex.org/W2886961745","https://openalex.org/W2891910989","https://openalex.org/W2903585607","https://openalex.org/W2914598080","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3038092249","https://openalex.org/W3090482131","https://openalex.org/W3118147890","https://openalex.org/W4234760406","https://openalex.org/W4239603996","https://openalex.org/W4249247926","https://openalex.org/W4255230573","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633866625","https://openalex.org/W6650379897","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"quality":[1,93],"modelling":[2,52],"that":[3,89,104],"relates":[4],"meteorological,":[5],"car":[6],"traffic,":[7],"and":[8,36,51,81,118],"pollution":[9],"data":[10,30,87,94],"is":[11,107],"a":[12,26,33,38,47,63,73],"fundamental":[13],"problem,":[14],"approached":[15],"in":[16,20,115],"several":[17,86],"different":[18],"ways":[19],"the":[21,53,56,96,119,122],"recent":[22],"literature.":[23],"In":[24,68],"particular,":[25],"set":[27],"of":[28,41,55,98,121],"such":[29],"sampled":[31],"at":[32],"specific":[34,39],"location":[35],"during":[37],"period":[40],"time":[42,49],"can":[43,59],"be":[44,60],"seen":[45,61],"as":[46,62],"multivariate":[48,64,78],"series,":[50],"values":[54],"pollutant":[57],"concentrations":[58],"temporal":[65,79],"regression":[66],"problem.":[67],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71,82],"propose":[72],"new":[74],"method":[75],"for":[76],"symbolic":[77],"regression,":[80],"apply":[83],"it":[84],"to":[85,109],"sets":[88],"contain":[90],"real":[91],"air":[92],"from":[95],"city":[97],"Wroc\u0142aw":[99],"(Poland).":[100],"Our":[101],"experiments":[102],"show":[103],"our":[105],"approach":[106],"superior":[108],"classical,":[110],"especially":[111],"symbolic,":[112],"ones,":[113],"both":[114],"statistical":[116],"performances":[117],"interpretability":[120],"results.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}