{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2725188468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","title":"New Methodology to Approximate Type-Reduction Based on a Continuous Root-Finding Karnik Mendel Algorithm","display_name":"New Methodology to Approximate Type-Reduction Based on a Continuous Root-Finding Karnik Mendel Algorithm","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2725188468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","mag":"2725188468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10030077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/3/77/pdf?version=1499919056","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/3/77/pdf?version=1499919056","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073787661","display_name":"Emanuel Ontiveros-Robles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-6305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuel Ontiveros-Robles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090320352","display_name":"Patricia Mel\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Melin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048223855","display_name":"Oscar Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-5689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22414 Tijuana, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048223855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.0207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9750146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9193000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defuzzification","display_name":"Defuzzification","score":0.7297763824462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6968962550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.548229455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.529877781867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5164008736610413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.5149810910224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5009465217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4905976355075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.48291870951652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.46993547677993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46304041147232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.4500267803668976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.3883855640888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20357340574264526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170260401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251735","display_name":"Defuzzification","level":5,"score":0.7297763824462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6968962550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.548229455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.529877781867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5164008736610413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.5149810910224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5009465217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4905976355075836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.48291870951652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46993547677993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46304041147232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.4500267803668976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.3883855640888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20357340574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10030077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/3/77/pdf?version=1499919056","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e71e05cffca34c1bb2c3afdf46cb26d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e71e05cffca34c1bb2c3afdf46cb26d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 77 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/10/3/77/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 77","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a10030077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a10030077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/10/3/77/pdf?version=1499919056","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2725188468.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2725188468.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150434422","https://openalex.org/W183781019","https://openalex.org/W216627223","https://openalex.org/W1653039038","https://openalex.org/W1857925822","https://openalex.org/W2020312932","https://openalex.org/W2020806785","https://openalex.org/W2021429464","https://openalex.org/W2027968063","https://openalex.org/W2033452204","https://openalex.org/W2039652152","https://openalex.org/W2072506331","https://openalex.org/W2073020915","https://openalex.org/W2078443809","https://openalex.org/W2084597926","https://openalex.org/W2104784519","https://openalex.org/W2108509121","https://openalex.org/W2111361149","https://openalex.org/W2113224918","https://openalex.org/W2125094706","https://openalex.org/W2132885717","https://openalex.org/W2141178894","https://openalex.org/W2149604064","https://openalex.org/W2149816511","https://openalex.org/W2154186319","https://openalex.org/W2165094119","https://openalex.org/W2179691437","https://openalex.org/W2179992138","https://openalex.org/W2233667863","https://openalex.org/W2461786957","https://openalex.org/W2487586434","https://openalex.org/W2490737927","https://openalex.org/W2511370934","https://openalex.org/W2522957660","https://openalex.org/W2559880525","https://openalex.org/W2560045703","https://openalex.org/W2560228494","https://openalex.org/W2560306197","https://openalex.org/W2560787383","https://openalex.org/W6639020760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2773005380","https://openalex.org/W4388451300","https://openalex.org/W2060361571","https://openalex.org/W1879432897","https://openalex.org/W2256857057","https://openalex.org/W3167814444","https://openalex.org/W3176863924","https://openalex.org/W2023513928","https://openalex.org/W2182392910","https://openalex.org/W4361984403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interval":[0],"Type-2":[1],"fuzzy":[2,14,33],"systems":[3],"allow":[4],"the":[5,29,32,44,48,71,77,83,89,99,109,156,160,169,206,209,214,224],"possibility":[6],"of":[7,20,31,47,57,79,91,102,111,146,152,184,200,223],"considering":[8],"uncertainty":[9],"in":[10,22,195],"models":[11],"based":[12,67],"on":[13,68,97],"systems,":[15],"and":[16,70,121,124,140,142,148,172,180,217],"enable":[17],"an":[18],"increase":[19,28],"robustness":[21],"solutions":[23],"to":[24,42,76,88,107,163,204],"applications,":[25],"but":[26,81],"also":[27,82,149,218],"complexity":[30],"system":[34],"design.":[35],"Several":[36,93],"attempts":[37],"have":[38,95],"been":[39],"previously":[40],"proposed":[41,118,181],"reduce":[43,108],"computational":[45,72,100,161],"cost":[46,73,101,162],"type-reduction":[49,103,115,157,207,215],"stage,":[50],"as":[51,168,190],"this":[52,147,176,188,196],"process":[53,158,189,216],"requires":[54],"a":[55,64,164,182,192,220],"lot":[56],"computing":[58],"time":[59],"because":[60],"it":[61],"is":[62,74,85],"basically":[63],"numerical":[65,202],"approximation":[66],"sampling,":[69],"proportional":[75,87],"number":[78,90,110],"samples,":[80],"error":[84],"inversely":[86],"samples.":[92],"works":[94],"focused":[96],"reducing":[98,159],"by":[104,119,128,186],"developing":[105],"strategies":[106],"operations.":[112],"The":[113],"first":[114],"method":[116],"was":[117,126],"Karnik":[120],"Mendel":[122],"(KM),":[123],"then":[125],"followed":[127],"its":[129],"enhanced":[130],"version":[131],"called":[132,138],"EKM.":[133],"Then":[134],"continuous":[135,221],"versions":[136,171],"were":[137,144],"CKM":[139],"CEKM,":[141],"there":[143],"variations":[145,153],"other":[150],"types":[151],"that":[154],"eliminate":[155],"Type-1":[165],"defuzzification,":[166],"such":[167],"Nie-Tan":[170],"similar":[173],"enhancements.":[174],"In":[175],"work":[177],"we":[178],"analyzed":[179],"variant":[183],"CEKM":[185],"viewing":[187],"solving":[191],"root-finding":[193],"problem,":[194,208],"way":[197],"taking":[198],"advantage":[199],"existing":[201],"methods":[203],"solve":[205],"main":[210],"objective":[211],"being":[212],"eliminating":[213],"providing":[219],"solution":[222],"defuzzification.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}