{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288727995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525","title":"A Novel Real Coded Genetic Algorithm for Software Mutation Testing","display_name":"A Novel Real Coded Genetic Algorithm for Software Mutation Testing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288727995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14081525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1525/pdf?version=1660298961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1525/pdf?version=1660298961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026212514","display_name":"Deepti Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-3811"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepti Bala Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 752054, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 752054, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031377837","display_name":"Biswaranjan Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132999081","display_name":"Marwadi University","ror":"https://ror.org/030dn1812","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132999081"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biswaranjan Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering-AI, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360001, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering-AI, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132999081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064034798","display_name":"Dharashree Rath","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharashree Rath","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 752054, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 752054, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046194597","display_name":"Vassilis C. Gerogiannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9895-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vassilis C. Gerogiannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Thessaly, Geopolis Campus, 45100 Larissa, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Thessaly, Geopolis Campus, 45100 Larissa, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004664070","display_name":"Andreas Kanavos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187792471","display_name":"Ionian University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xm4n520","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187792471"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kanavos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Media and Communication, Ionian University, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Media and Communication, Ionian University, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187792471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004664070","https://openalex.org/A5031377837","https://openalex.org/A5046194597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265","https://openalex.org/I187792471","https://openalex.org/I3132999081"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.4738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88833593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"1525","last_page":"1525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7133935689926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.661373496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.6068202257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.5885670185089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.587529718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.5526868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.505455732345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5009238719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.464876651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation-testing","display_name":"Mutation testing","score":0.44897571206092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.41585487127304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.1747020184993744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15813928842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12490493059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.09124889969825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.08875247836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.07881054282188416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7133935689926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.661373496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.6068202257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5885670185089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.587529718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.5526868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.505455732345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5009238719940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.464876651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163565370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308623","display_name":"Mutation testing","level":4,"score":0.44897571206092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.41585487127304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.1747020184993744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15813928842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12490493059158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.09124889969825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.08875247836112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07881054282188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14081525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1525/pdf?version=1660298961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0fa8e8625b6d46d1a0b633767e9ff757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0fa8e8625b6d46d1a0b633767e9ff757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 1525 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uth.gr:11615/76660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11615/76660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400243","display_name":"University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","host_organization_name":"University of Thessaly","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/14/8/1525/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym14081525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081525","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1525/pdf?version=1660298961","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288727995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288727995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341879454","https://openalex.org/W746740806","https://openalex.org/W1512421524","https://openalex.org/W1567503821","https://openalex.org/W1602376990","https://openalex.org/W1909483893","https://openalex.org/W1969065560","https://openalex.org/W2004222258","https://openalex.org/W2013711971","https://openalex.org/W2018017297","https://openalex.org/W2033755632","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2068490653","https://openalex.org/W2079444978","https://openalex.org/W2090661929","https://openalex.org/W2092382400","https://openalex.org/W2098447642","https://openalex.org/W2108557864","https://openalex.org/W2110337982","https://openalex.org/W2115966675","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2135937266","https://openalex.org/W2142960530","https://openalex.org/W2182004285","https://openalex.org/W2217799974","https://openalex.org/W2311532076","https://openalex.org/W2343059185","https://openalex.org/W2408706450","https://openalex.org/W2517600007","https://openalex.org/W2544922111","https://openalex.org/W2547511640","https://openalex.org/W2553077635","https://openalex.org/W2589440093","https://openalex.org/W2594320709","https://openalex.org/W2735493964","https://openalex.org/W2898717613","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2946672149","https://openalex.org/W2973021727","https://openalex.org/W3012177943","https://openalex.org/W3014974411","https://openalex.org/W3034622442","https://openalex.org/W3085963055","https://openalex.org/W3097407566","https://openalex.org/W3112909126","https://openalex.org/W3127739367","https://openalex.org/W3169902780","https://openalex.org/W4224278860","https://openalex.org/W6714277492","https://openalex.org/W6762967577","https://openalex.org/W6784995255","https://openalex.org/W6787673577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405231858","https://openalex.org/W4313066017","https://openalex.org/W1964740600","https://openalex.org/W4381785649","https://openalex.org/W2297949281","https://openalex.org/W2884946294","https://openalex.org/W4226494072","https://openalex.org/W2153601374","https://openalex.org/W2136164837","https://openalex.org/W2097388056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"Technology":[1],"has":[2],"rapidly":[3],"developed":[4],"in":[5,16,71,87,108,113,178,190,209,299],"recent":[6],"years":[7],"and":[8,168,188],"software":[9,26],"systems":[10],"can":[11,41,61,263,278,302],"play":[12],"a":[13,124,140,268,280],"critical":[14],"role":[15],"the":[17,20,23,32,47,78,88,129,135,164,196,199,206,210,218,224,227,237,246,260,275,300,315,324,333,342],"symmetry":[18],"of":[19,25,34,50,92,116,138,271,308],"technology.":[21],"Regarding":[22],"field":[24],"testing,":[27,59],"white-box":[28,58,109],"unit-level":[29,57],"testing":[30,37,40,111,118,132,159],"constitutes":[31],"backbone":[33],"all":[35,297],"other":[36,293],"techniques,":[38],"as":[39,249,337,339],"be":[42,62,303],"entirely":[43],"implemented":[44,177,244],"by":[45,231,305],"considering":[46],"source":[48],"code":[49],"each":[51,72,93],"System":[52],"Under":[53],"Test":[54],"(SUT).":[55],"In":[56,120,195,295],"mutants":[60,65,85,207,266,298],"used;":[63],"these":[64,250],"are":[66,185],"artificially":[67],"generated":[68,187,316],"faults":[69],"seeded":[70],"SUT":[73,301],"that":[74,259],"behave":[75],"similarly":[76],"to":[77,104,145,162,204,216,292,322,331,340],"realistic":[79],"ones.":[80],"Executing":[81],"test":[82,94,183,193,200,220,234,272,284,288,309,318,344],"cases":[83],"against":[84],"results":[86],"adequacy":[89],"(mutation)":[90],"score":[91],"case.":[95],"Efficient":[96],"Genetic":[97],"Algorithm":[98],"(GA)-based":[99],"methods":[100],"have":[101,251],"been":[102,252],"proposed":[103,153,213,241,276],"address":[105],"different":[106],"problems":[107],"unit":[110],"and,":[112],"particular,":[114],"issues":[115],"mutation":[117,148,158,335],"techniques.":[119],"this":[121],"research":[122],"paper,":[123],"new":[125],"approach,":[126],"which":[127],"integrates":[128],"path":[130,181,255,282],"coverage-based":[131,182,283],"method":[133,214,277],"with":[134,267,286,311],"novel":[136],"idea":[137],"tracing":[139],"Fault":[141],"Detection":[142],"Matrix":[143],"(FDM)":[144],"achieve":[146,163,217,323],"maximum":[147,265,281,334],"coverage,":[149],"is":[150,160,170,176,202,243,320,329],"proposed.":[151],"The":[152,174,212,240],"real":[154],"coded":[155],"GA":[156,328],"for":[157,254],"designed":[161],"highest":[165,228,325],"Mutation":[166,229,326],"Score,":[167],"it":[169],"thus":[171],"named":[172],"RGA-MS.":[173],"approach":[175,242,262],"two":[179],"phases:":[180],"data":[184,235,289,310],"initially":[186],"stored":[189],"an":[191],"optimized":[192],"suite.":[194],"next":[197],"phase,":[198],"suite":[201,285,319],"executed":[203],"kill":[205],"present":[208],"SUT.":[211],"aims":[215],"minimum":[219,269,287],"dataset,":[221],"having":[222],"at":[223],"same":[225,238,247],"time":[226],"Score":[230],"removing":[232],"duplicate":[233],"covering":[236],"mutants.":[239],"on":[245],"SUTs":[248],"used":[253,330],"testing.":[256],"We":[257],"proved":[258],"RGA-MS":[261],"cover":[264],"number":[270,307],"cases.":[273,345],"Furthermore,":[274],"generate":[279],"generation":[290],"compared":[291],"algorithms.":[294],"addition,":[296],"covered":[304],"less":[306],"no":[312],"duplicates.":[313],"Ultimately,":[314],"optimal":[317],"trained":[321],"Score.":[327],"find":[332],"coverage":[336],"well":[338],"delete":[341],"redundant":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}