{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127131730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","title":"Beyond the Testing Room: Virtual Reality as a Paradigmatic Solution to Ecological Validity Deficits in Neuropsychological Memory Assessment","display_name":"Beyond the Testing Room: Virtual Reality as a Paradigmatic Solution to Ecological Validity Deficits in Neuropsychological Memory Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127131730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/7/pdf?version=1770033024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/7/pdf?version=1770033024","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056448674","display_name":"Ninette Simonian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0230-5070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161738","display_name":"University Foot & Ankle Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05afz7j54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninette Simonian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074906183","display_name":"Nicco Reggente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161738","display_name":"University Foot & Ankle Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05afz7j54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicco Reggente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074906183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161738"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"fwci":7.4498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93258684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.4607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.4607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12608","display_name":"Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction","score":0.08550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.07769999653100967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-validity","display_name":"Ecological validity","score":0.8226000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology","display_name":"Neuropsychology","score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychological-assessment","display_name":"Neuropsychological assessment","score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reality-testing","display_name":"Reality testing","score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-functions","display_name":"Executive functions","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"Cognitive aging","score":0.3582000136375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190210774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15427384","display_name":"Ecological validity","level":3,"score":0.8226000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.544700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536788834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002588","display_name":"Neuropsychological assessment","level":4,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780408722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6742759","display_name":"Reality testing","level":3,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775968953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783092","display_name":"Executive functions","level":3,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986811735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692577","display_name":"Cognitive aging","level":3,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2038122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18634","display_name":"Cognitive neuropsychology","level":4,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43729271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560550","display_name":"Spatial memory","level":4,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775858120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333604","display_name":"Memoria","level":3,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018842126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11072","display_name":"Memory impairment","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/7/pdf?version=1770033024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c8cdf617198d4058badfe83421d15106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c8cdf617198d4058badfe83421d15106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 7 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/7/pdf?version=1770033024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127131730.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127131730.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544801335","https://openalex.org/W1626196233","https://openalex.org/W1647254963","https://openalex.org/W1721452941","https://openalex.org/W1871415790","https://openalex.org/W1899193005","https://openalex.org/W1966530137","https://openalex.org/W1968337444","https://openalex.org/W1971466676","https://openalex.org/W1974359554","https://openalex.org/W1979695455","https://openalex.org/W1983360573","https://openalex.org/W1990054735","https://openalex.org/W1999733637","https://openalex.org/W2003378131","https://openalex.org/W2011184505","https://openalex.org/W2019137987","https://openalex.org/W2037998248","https://openalex.org/W2045248328","https://openalex.org/W2046624443","https://openalex.org/W2049661633","https://openalex.org/W2061005464","https://openalex.org/W2061828397","https://openalex.org/W2063654543","https://openalex.org/W2067905568","https://openalex.org/W2070869229","https://openalex.org/W2073008062","https://openalex.org/W2075179624","https://openalex.org/W2084841026","https://openalex.org/W2085610978","https://openalex.org/W2093017485","https://openalex.org/W2115300091","https://openalex.org/W2116572744","https://openalex.org/W2119513713","https://openalex.org/W2121256465","https://openalex.org/W2133106786","https://openalex.org/W2136049127","https://openalex.org/W2144738344","https://openalex.org/W2145409044","https://openalex.org/W2149094999","https://openalex.org/W2150570017","https://openalex.org/W2153336923","https://openalex.org/W2156754775","https://openalex.org/W2160501844","https://openalex.org/W2174794163","https://openalex.org/W2198599185","https://openalex.org/W2222947713","https://openalex.org/W2288292510","https://openalex.org/W2288914109","https://openalex.org/W2305407035","https://openalex.org/W2315198558","https://openalex.org/W2327143220","https://openalex.org/W2334942000","https://openalex.org/W2566164720","https://openalex.org/W2603746281","https://openalex.org/W2729059723","https://openalex.org/W2738780094","https://openalex.org/W2739907920","https://openalex.org/W2794172772","https://openalex.org/W2806930271","https://openalex.org/W2807058625","https://openalex.org/W2893687934","https://openalex.org/W2903800102","https://openalex.org/W2911438135","https://openalex.org/W2914514583","https://openalex.org/W2922917123","https://openalex.org/W2943575974","https://openalex.org/W2945363574","https://openalex.org/W2948572020","https://openalex.org/W2953996117","https://openalex.org/W2955470713","https://openalex.org/W3009038239","https://openalex.org/W3012656251","https://openalex.org/W3015300153","https://openalex.org/W3041605639","https://openalex.org/W3096518455","https://openalex.org/W3100453370","https://openalex.org/W3112465951","https://openalex.org/W3113358622","https://openalex.org/W3126775743","https://openalex.org/W3132641495","https://openalex.org/W3137846509","https://openalex.org/W3157680628","https://openalex.org/W3164067998","https://openalex.org/W3199903108","https://openalex.org/W3213571870","https://openalex.org/W3217363870","https://openalex.org/W4237344702","https://openalex.org/W4289109248","https://openalex.org/W4291465214","https://openalex.org/W4292089304","https://openalex.org/W4295678593","https://openalex.org/W4311289775","https://openalex.org/W4315436531","https://openalex.org/W4384120399","https://openalex.org/W4384301215","https://openalex.org/W4386886953","https://openalex.org/W4390709047","https://openalex.org/W4396972569","https://openalex.org/W4400962527","https://openalex.org/W4401894356","https://openalex.org/W4404121016","https://openalex.org/W4404831759","https://openalex.org/W4406160870"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"neuropsychological":[1],"memory":[2,13,90,122],"assessments":[3,45,67],"lack":[4],"ecological":[5],"validity":[6],"and":[7,25,31,81,94,107,128],"often":[8],"fail":[9],"to":[10],"capture":[11],"how":[12],"functions":[14],"in":[15,48],"everyday":[16],"life.":[17],"This":[18],"limits":[19],"early":[20],"detection":[21],"of":[22,121],"cognitive":[23,54,78],"decline":[24],"reduces":[26],"correspondence":[27],"with":[28,91,104],"patient":[29],"complaints":[30],"caregiver":[32,108],"observations.":[33],"We":[34,60,113],"argue":[35],"that":[36,51,65,88,115],"virtual":[37],"reality":[38],"(VR)":[39],"mostly":[40],"addresses":[41],"these":[42],"limitations.":[43],"VR-based":[44],"immerse":[46],"individuals":[47],"naturalistic":[49],"environments":[50],"engage":[52],"authentic":[53],"processing":[55],"while":[56],"maintaining":[57],"experimental":[58],"control.":[59],"review":[61],"empirical":[62],"evidence":[63],"demonstrating":[64],"VR":[66,116],"show":[68],"superior":[69],"diagnostic":[70],"sensitivity":[71],"for":[72],"distinguishing":[73],"healthy":[74],"aging":[75],"from":[76],"mild":[77],"impairment":[79],"(MCI)":[80],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[82],"disease":[83],"(AD),":[84],"particularly":[85],"through":[86],"tasks":[87],"integrate":[89],"spatial":[92],"navigation":[93],"executive":[95],"function.":[96],"VR-derived":[97],"performance":[98],"metrics":[99],"also":[100],"correlate":[101],"more":[102],"strongly":[103],"subjective":[105],"experiences":[106],"reports":[109],"than":[110],"traditional":[111],"tests.":[112],"propose":[114],"represents":[117],"a":[118],"fundamental":[119],"reconceptualization":[120],"assessment,":[123],"though":[124],"challenges":[125],"regarding":[126],"standardization":[127],"accessibility":[129],"must":[130],"be":[131],"addressed.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
