{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119539923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","title":"Greek Occupational Therapists\u2019 Perspectives on the Clinical Application of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Qualitative Study","display_name":"Greek Occupational Therapists\u2019 Perspectives on the Clinical Application of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Qualitative Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119539923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/4/pdf?version=1767929615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/4/pdf?version=1767929615","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094299387","display_name":"Dimosthenis Lygouras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimosthenis Lygouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece","Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse Area, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2073-7452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse Area, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029961980","display_name":"Avgoustos Ts\u0131nakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-0226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avgoustos Tsinakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-0226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, School of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027096937","display_name":"I. Seimenis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Seimenis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-5271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000302445","display_name":"\u039aonstantinos Vadikolias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Vadikolias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-369X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029961980","https://openalex.org/A5094299387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203","https://openalex.org/I89506807"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"fwci":4.1315,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88340118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11759","display_name":"Occupational Therapy Practice and Research","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.6075000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-group","display_name":"Focus group","score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","score":0.39649999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6075000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910959060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527308","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","level":3,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779713723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088139","display_name":"Photo elicitation","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102190203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380141","display_name":"Occupational therapy","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190210774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15427384","display_name":"Ecological validity","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194943564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129049","display_name":"Participant observation","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/4/pdf?version=1767929615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24ad1190bb0245358e9489d57a87b598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24ad1190bb0245358e9489d57a87b598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 4 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds5010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/5/1/4/pdf?version=1767929615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119539923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119539923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W941899258","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2104971230","https://openalex.org/W2138664283","https://openalex.org/W2167156037","https://openalex.org/W2314108415","https://openalex.org/W2752014722","https://openalex.org/W2902574908","https://openalex.org/W2908594383","https://openalex.org/W3210542627","https://openalex.org/W4205591795","https://openalex.org/W4224234690","https://openalex.org/W4224286416","https://openalex.org/W4282918577","https://openalex.org/W4293531576","https://openalex.org/W4319320524","https://openalex.org/W4320920085","https://openalex.org/W4390272916","https://openalex.org/W4390782241","https://openalex.org/W4401387679","https://openalex.org/W4401602597","https://openalex.org/W4407954772","https://openalex.org/W4408464447","https://openalex.org/W4410346064"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stroke":[0],"is":[1,147,159],"a":[2,80,160],"leading":[3],"cause":[4],"of":[5,34,47,51,111,116,128],"long-term":[6,181],"disability":[7],"worldwide,":[8],"and":[9,83,91,109,118,133,153,177],"new":[10],"technologies":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,26,28],"Fully":[14],"Immersive":[15],"Virtual":[16],"Reality":[17],"(FIVR)":[18],"are":[19],"being":[20],"explored":[21],"to":[22,39,104,149,155],"promote":[23],"functional":[24],"recovery":[25,110],"well":[27],"optimize":[29],"rehabilitation":[30,50],"outcomes.":[31],"The":[32,75],"aim":[33],"the":[35,45,52,114,139],"present":[36],"study":[37],"was":[38],"explore":[40],"Greek":[41],"OTs\u2019":[42],"perspectives":[43],"on":[44],"use":[46,115],"FIVR":[48,164],"in":[49,126,165],"upper":[53],"limb":[54],"after":[55],"stroke.":[56],"Two":[57],"focus":[58],"groups":[59],"took":[60],"place":[61],"with":[62],"six":[63],"experienced":[64],"OTs,":[65],"who":[66],"were":[67,77,98],"recruited":[68],"from":[69],"diverse":[70],"clinical":[71],"settings":[72],"across":[73],"Greece.":[74],"interviews":[76],"facilitated":[78],"using":[79,86],"semi-structured":[81],"guide":[82],"inductively":[84],"coded":[85],"thematic":[87],"analysis":[88],"following":[89],"Braun":[90],"Clarke\u2019s":[92],"six-stage":[93],"process.":[94],"Six":[95],"theme-rich":[96],"findings":[97],"elicited.":[99],"Therapists":[100],"identified":[101],"FIVR\u2019s":[102],"potential":[103,162],"enable":[105],"patient":[106],"involvement,":[107],"motivation,":[108],"function":[112],"through":[113],"immersion":[117],"feedback-based":[119],"practice.":[120],"They":[121],"reported":[122],"significant":[123],"barriers,":[124],"however,":[125],"terms":[127],"technical":[129],"challenges,":[130],"safety":[131],"issues,":[132],"costly":[134],"equipment.":[135],"OTs":[136],"also":[137],"highlighted":[138],"fact":[140],"that":[141],"occupation-based,":[142],"culturally":[143],"sensitive":[144],"task":[145],"design":[146],"central":[148],"ensuring":[150],"ecological":[151],"validity":[152],"transfer":[154],"naturalistic":[156],"settings.":[157],"There":[158],"high":[161],"for":[163],"stroke":[166],"rehabilitation,":[167],"but":[168],"it":[169],"requires":[170],"user-centered":[171],"design,":[172],"cultural":[173],"adaptation,":[174],"adequate":[175],"training,":[176],"systemic":[178],"support":[179],"towards":[180],"implementation.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"}