{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415647028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","title":"Augmented Reality as a Teaching Tool for Pediatric Brainstem Biopsy","display_name":"Augmented Reality as a Teaching Tool for Pediatric Brainstem Biopsy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415647028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4040048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/4/4/48/pdf?version=1761658260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/4/4/48/pdf?version=1761658260","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094229269","display_name":"Jonis M. Esguerra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105333472","display_name":"University of the Philippines Cebu","ror":"https://ror.org/05nfx1325","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I105333472"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonis M. Esguerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurological Surgery, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, B. Rodriguez St, Cebu City 6000, Cebu, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurological Surgery, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, B. Rodriguez St, Cebu City 6000, Cebu, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105333472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088020123","display_name":"Yu Tung Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112252","display_name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0228w5t68","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. T. Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-8991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101470492","display_name":"Yuping Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-9710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112252","display_name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0228w5t68","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046858174","display_name":"Jing Chun Teo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4767-6830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58236372","display_name":"Ngee Ann Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/01w953x65","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chun Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4767-6830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049705661","display_name":"Sharon Y. Y. Low","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-670X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097409","display_name":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcwps97","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157582758","https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210097409","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112252","display_name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0228w5t68","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131313","display_name":"National Neuroscience Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03d58dr58","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131313"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Y. Y. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore","Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore","SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore","SingHealth Duke-NUS Pediatrics Academic Clinical Program, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-670X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131313"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097409"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Pediatrics Academic Clinical Program, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097409"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049705661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097409","https://openalex.org/I4210112252","https://openalex.org/I4210131313"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1332,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8365512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9434999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9434999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brainstem","display_name":"Brainstem","score":0.7752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsy","display_name":"Biopsy","score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-biopsy","display_name":"Brain biopsy","score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotactic-biopsy","display_name":"Stereotactic biopsy","score":0.42250001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551621295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182228","display_name":"Brainstem","level":2,"score":0.7752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620189","display_name":"Brain biopsy","level":3,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778256017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3640183","display_name":"Stereotactic biopsy","level":3,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282142","display_name":"Glioblastoma","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176700471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611272","display_name":"Stereotaxy","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/4/4/48/pdf?version=1761658260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3f8efe09913462b9f9152013160d300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3f8efe09913462b9f9152013160d300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds, Vol 4, Iss 4, p 48 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2084/4/4/48/pdf?version=1761658260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280281","display_name":"Virtual Worlds","issn_l":"2813-2084","issn":["2813-2084"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Worlds","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415647028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415647028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40427486","https://openalex.org/W107643922","https://openalex.org/W1537484382","https://openalex.org/W1987067299","https://openalex.org/W1988440966","https://openalex.org/W2011097571","https://openalex.org/W2017857778","https://openalex.org/W2023794482","https://openalex.org/W2027421362","https://openalex.org/W2045456926","https://openalex.org/W2062915993","https://openalex.org/W2069446964","https://openalex.org/W2072257764","https://openalex.org/W2128693792","https://openalex.org/W2141787925","https://openalex.org/W2145303352","https://openalex.org/W2153391936","https://openalex.org/W2163102873","https://openalex.org/W2281473978","https://openalex.org/W2327678559","https://openalex.org/W2346369493","https://openalex.org/W2381835280","https://openalex.org/W2403377111","https://openalex.org/W2555775004","https://openalex.org/W2576440140","https://openalex.org/W2742599446","https://openalex.org/W2799889667","https://openalex.org/W2802078370","https://openalex.org/W2943745641","https://openalex.org/W2964560602","https://openalex.org/W2970306158","https://openalex.org/W2974414149","https://openalex.org/W2995942411","https://openalex.org/W3016111234","https://openalex.org/W3017394211","https://openalex.org/W3082146828","https://openalex.org/W3085826061","https://openalex.org/W3092261789","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3122438929","https://openalex.org/W3157803941","https://openalex.org/W3192297118","https://openalex.org/W3208811963","https://openalex.org/W4221085077","https://openalex.org/W4280515121","https://openalex.org/W4304113604","https://openalex.org/W4315928779","https://openalex.org/W4380372825","https://openalex.org/W4384201847","https://openalex.org/W4386374343","https://openalex.org/W4386573231","https://openalex.org/W4387047039","https://openalex.org/W4387138430","https://openalex.org/W4388295245","https://openalex.org/W4388423637","https://openalex.org/W4388771416","https://openalex.org/W4388952520","https://openalex.org/W4388975130","https://openalex.org/W4394890205","https://openalex.org/W4395684172","https://openalex.org/W4400091232","https://openalex.org/W4402246245","https://openalex.org/W4403130220","https://openalex.org/W4408103855","https://openalex.org/W4408687487","https://openalex.org/W4410857007","https://openalex.org/W4412122809"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pediatric":[0],"diffuse":[1],"midline":[2],"gliomas":[3],"in":[4,52,118,162,169,191],"the":[5,28,42,67,130,133,136,139,153,157,179,192],"brainstem":[6,30,79,167],"(bDMGs)":[7],"are":[8,87,110],"malignant":[9],"primary":[10],"brain":[11,124],"neoplasms":[12],"with":[13,112],"poor":[14],"prognosis.":[15],"Conventional":[16],"dogma":[17],"cites":[18],"that":[19,66,156,184],"biopsy":[20,80,125,168],"procedures":[21],"have":[22,32],"risks":[23],"of":[24,44,59,69,84,138,146,182,194],"devastating":[25],"injury":[26],"to":[27,36,91,148,178],"eloquent":[29],"and":[31,89],"no":[33],"direct":[34],"benefit":[35],"affected":[37],"patients.":[38],"In":[39],"recent":[40],"years,":[41],"use":[43],"augmented":[45],"reality":[46],"(AR)":[47],"adjuncts":[48],"has":[49],"demonstrated":[50],"potential":[51],"providing":[53],"excellent":[54],"intraoperative":[55],"three-dimensional":[56],"(3D)":[57],"visualization":[58],"intracranial":[60],"structures.":[61],"Put":[62],"together,":[63],"we":[64],"hypothesize":[65],"application":[68],"AR":[70,93,102,158,185],"will":[71],"be":[72],"useful":[73,161],"as":[74],"a":[75,170],"training":[76],"tool":[77],"for":[78,166,189],"procedures.":[81],"Anatomical":[82],"models":[83],"bDMG":[85,108],"tumors":[86],"created":[88],"uploaded":[90],"an":[92,113],"application.":[94],"The":[95],"processed":[96],"data":[97],"is":[98,127],"transferred":[99],"into":[100,132],"designated":[101],"head-mounted":[103],"devices.":[104],"Briefly,":[105],"individual":[106],"3D-rendered":[107],"images":[109],"overlaid":[111],"age-matched,":[114],"life-sized":[115],"child":[116],"mannequin":[117],"prone":[119],"position.":[120],"A":[121],"virtual":[122],"stereotactic":[123],"needle":[126],"deployed":[128],"by":[129],"user":[131,142],"lesion.":[134],"At":[135],"end":[137],"exercise,":[140],"each":[141],"evaluates":[143],"their":[144],"trajectory":[145],"choice":[147],"assess":[149],"its":[150],"accuracy.":[151],"Overall,":[152],"participants":[154],"reported":[155],"platform":[159],"was":[160],"reviewing":[163],"technical":[164],"nuances":[165],"safe":[171],"environment.":[172],"This":[173],"focused,":[174],"proof-of-concept":[175],"study":[176],"adds":[177],"growing":[180],"body":[181],"literature":[183],"platforms":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"feasibility":[188],"neurosurgeons":[190],"understanding":[193],"challenging":[195],"operative":[196],"neuroanatomy.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-29T00:00:00"}
