{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194413569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","title":"Using MBSE for the Enhancement of Consistency and Continuity in Modular Product-Service-System Architectures","display_name":"Using MBSE for the Enhancement of Consistency and Continuity in Modular Product-Service-System Architectures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194413569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","mag":"3194413569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/3/63/pdf?version=1629206532","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/3/63/pdf?version=1629206532","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022684299","display_name":"Florian M. Dambietz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-4584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian M. Dambietz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030925640","display_name":"Christoph Rennpferdt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5596-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Rennpferdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5596-9773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101459728","display_name":"Michael Hanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-5885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019928090","display_name":"Dieter Krause","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-1699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-1699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Product Development and Mechanical Engineering Design, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022684299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1352,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1458},"fwci":1.6237,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84879406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"63","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6606969833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6586023569107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-programming","display_name":"Modular programming","score":0.6108819842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5448576807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.48155882954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4652591347694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.451302170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4506452679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"New product development","score":0.42744573950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.42194420099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41476595401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40010759234428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19653013348579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09536010026931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09334653615951538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6606969833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6586023569107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.6108819842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5448576807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.48155882954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4652591347694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.451302170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4506452679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.42744573950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.42194420099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41476595401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40010759234428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19653013348579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09536010026931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09334653615951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/3/63/pdf?version=1629206532","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tore.tuhh.de:11420/10174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11420/10174","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11420/10174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401751","display_name":"tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","host_organization_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7eb14d33ede74da780281dd0f1951195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7eb14d33ede74da780281dd0f1951195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 63 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/9/3/63/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 9; Issue 3; Pages: 63","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/3/63/pdf?version=1629206532","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194413569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194413569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194451510","https://openalex.org/W577291795","https://openalex.org/W965432956","https://openalex.org/W1592312990","https://openalex.org/W1964770398","https://openalex.org/W1967736582","https://openalex.org/W2052447638","https://openalex.org/W2084486980","https://openalex.org/W2088347682","https://openalex.org/W2100005800","https://openalex.org/W2128517606","https://openalex.org/W2141408537","https://openalex.org/W2150267160","https://openalex.org/W2156468403","https://openalex.org/W2162666018","https://openalex.org/W2164007895","https://openalex.org/W2172078013","https://openalex.org/W2290704978","https://openalex.org/W2406726293","https://openalex.org/W2531497486","https://openalex.org/W2560342779","https://openalex.org/W2570280886","https://openalex.org/W2600468658","https://openalex.org/W2654172137","https://openalex.org/W2781736896","https://openalex.org/W2804110753","https://openalex.org/W2811383623","https://openalex.org/W2888361705","https://openalex.org/W2914079290","https://openalex.org/W2964695839","https://openalex.org/W2972060654","https://openalex.org/W2974744909","https://openalex.org/W3034927535","https://openalex.org/W3035085238","https://openalex.org/W3035091259","https://openalex.org/W3061503797","https://openalex.org/W3088763954","https://openalex.org/W3099983204","https://openalex.org/W3105679330","https://openalex.org/W3168902505","https://openalex.org/W3189772710","https://openalex.org/W3192932820","https://openalex.org/W4210514614","https://openalex.org/W4244657101","https://openalex.org/W6680660058","https://openalex.org/W6728412733","https://openalex.org/W6779506034","https://openalex.org/W6779826477","https://openalex.org/W6906188109","https://openalex.org/W7039489402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095911326","https://openalex.org/W2393702438","https://openalex.org/W2391644119","https://openalex.org/W2060456459","https://openalex.org/W2366513699","https://openalex.org/W4281562784","https://openalex.org/W2811249935","https://openalex.org/W2356817053","https://openalex.org/W2761604292","https://openalex.org/W3099701552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"emerging":[1],"markets,":[2],"ensuring":[3],"the":[4,31,61,88,109,113,132,135,140,157,183,193],"competitiveness":[5],"of":[6,16,37,55,64,70,112,118,131,139,160,185,195],"manufacturing":[7],"companies":[8],"is":[9,153,200],"crucial":[10],"to":[11,44,51,75,80,97,166],"their":[12],"success.":[13],"The":[14,147],"integration":[15],"new":[17],"business":[18],"possibilities,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,189,191],"Product-Service-Systems":[22],"(PSS)":[23],"can":[24],"provide":[25,93],"one":[26,94],"suitable":[27],"solution.":[28],"Especially":[29],"within":[30],"architecture":[32,104,133,142,186],"development":[33,62,144],"process,":[34],"large":[35],"amounts":[36],"interconnected":[38],"data":[39,41,56,196],"and":[40,47,58,72,128,137,198],"types":[42],"need":[43],"be":[45],"processed":[46],"versioned.":[48],"This":[49,68],"leads":[50,74],"a":[52,76,83,102,177,179],"significant":[53,84],"lack":[54,69],"consistency":[57,71,197],"continuity":[59,73,199],"along":[60],"process":[63,77],"modular":[65],"PSS":[66,103,141],"architectures.":[67],"being":[78],"prone":[79],"errors,":[81],"representing":[82],"negative":[85],"impact":[86],"onto":[87],"company\u2019s":[89],"value-added":[90],"stream.":[91],"We":[92],"possible":[95],"solution":[96],"these":[98,125],"issues":[99],"by":[100,163],"presenting":[101],"modularization":[105,110],"approach":[106,152],"based":[107],"upon":[108],"methods":[111],"Integrated":[114],"PKT-Approach.":[115],"Using":[116],"concepts":[117],"Model-Based":[119],"Systems":[120],"Engineering":[121],"(MBSE)":[122],"for":[123,134,171,182,192],"modelling":[124],"architectures,":[126],"automated":[127],"dynamic":[129],"analyses":[130],"iteration":[136,187],"harmonization":[138],"under":[143],"are":[145],"enabled.":[146],"at":[148],"first":[149],"generically":[150],"described":[151],"further":[154],"detailed":[155],"in":[156],"second":[158],"part":[159],"this":[161],"contribution":[162],"applying":[164],"it":[165],"an":[167],"industry":[168],"case":[169],"study":[170],"mobile":[172],"laser":[173],"welding":[174],"systems.":[175],"As":[176],"result,":[178],"clear":[180],"support":[181],"visualization":[184],"aspects":[188],"well":[190],"enhancement":[194],"given.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}