{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126530447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","title":"Cancer as a System Dysfunction","display_name":"Cancer as a System Dysfunction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126530447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","mag":"3126530447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/1/14/pdf?version=1612873364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/1/14/pdf?version=1612873364","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061818181","display_name":"Khalid Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-098X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Social Science &amp; Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Social Science &amp; Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035846639","display_name":"Elizabeth F. Ryder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth F. Ryder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-7648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067690876","display_name":"Amity L. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-9086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amity L. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061818181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54843159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11829","display_name":"Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.648934006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-cell","display_name":"Cancer cell","score":0.5703117251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.5337582230567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5272154808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-system","display_name":"Model system","score":0.5102307796478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-treatment","display_name":"Cancer treatment","score":0.4296322166919708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-cell-lines","display_name":"Cancer cell lines","score":0.41647979617118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","score":0.3591000735759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33721333742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3045106530189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.28681060671806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2786712646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17547941207885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12231922149658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1075185239315033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.648934006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.5703117251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.5337582230567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5272154808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988540567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12070446","display_name":"Model system","level":2,"score":0.5102307796478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.4296322166919708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994372470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell lines","level":4,"score":0.41647979617118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3591000735759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33721333742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3045106530189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28681060671806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2786712646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17547941207885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12231922149658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1075185239315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/1/14/pdf?version=1612873364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f4e09c0ec624c709b934c4ce89a38be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f4e09c0ec624c709b934c4ce89a38be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 14 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/9/1/14/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 9; Issue 1; Pages: 14","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/9/1/14/pdf?version=1612873364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126530447.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105081038","https://openalex.org/W1164697387","https://openalex.org/W1683455379","https://openalex.org/W1968974831","https://openalex.org/W1978103330","https://openalex.org/W1997410071","https://openalex.org/W2002679479","https://openalex.org/W2011120797","https://openalex.org/W2034269086","https://openalex.org/W2061544835","https://openalex.org/W2114570931","https://openalex.org/W2131487381","https://openalex.org/W2223535266","https://openalex.org/W2269486335","https://openalex.org/W2783667606","https://openalex.org/W2799553179","https://openalex.org/W2963048485","https://openalex.org/W2975814872","https://openalex.org/W3125926467","https://openalex.org/W3186651835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254851101","https://openalex.org/W3171007296","https://openalex.org/W22115721","https://openalex.org/W2211931904","https://openalex.org/W2321234655","https://openalex.org/W2065444835","https://openalex.org/W4394550905","https://openalex.org/W2470062578","https://openalex.org/W2384845092","https://openalex.org/W2384201665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"a":[5,13,45,56],"system":[6,18,84],"dynamics":[7],"model":[8,30],"that":[9,47,59],"views":[10],"cancer":[11,54,90],"as":[12,21,55],"dysfunction":[14],"of":[15,24,34,40,53,89],"the":[16,29,32,35,38,41,50,67,83,87,98],"cellular":[17],"rather":[19],"than":[20],"an":[22],"ailment":[23,36],"cells.":[25,69,91],"Our":[26],"experiments":[27],"with":[28],"replicate":[31],"propagation":[33],"and":[37],"impacts":[39],"treatments.":[42],"It":[43,70],"presents":[44],"concept":[46],"deviates":[48],"from":[49],"pervasive":[51],"view":[52],"cell":[57,80],"malfunction":[58],"has":[60],"led":[61],"to":[62,65,72,96],"treatments":[63],"aiming":[64,77],"destroy":[66],"rogue":[68],"points":[71],"more":[73],"holistic":[74],"treatment":[75],"options":[76],"at":[78],"reforming":[79],"interaction":[81],"so":[82],"can":[85],"contain":[86],"growth":[88],"Further":[92],"research":[93],"is":[94],"needed":[95],"explore":[97],"details":[99],"for":[100],"such":[101],"options.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
