{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2757988165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","title":"Packageability as an \u2018Ility\u2019 for Systems Engineering","display_name":"Packageability as an \u2018Ility\u2019 for Systems Engineering","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2757988165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","mag":"2757988165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/4/48/pdf?version=1506160456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/4/48/pdf?version=1506160456","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037146024","display_name":"Rick Sturdivant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-1414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96408169","display_name":"Azusa Pacific University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bmftj86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96408169"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rick Sturdivant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Azusa Pacific University, 901 E Alosta Ave, Azusa, CA 91702, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Azusa Pacific University, 901 E Alosta Ave, Azusa, CA 91702, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96408169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070385137","display_name":"Edwin K. P. Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-4815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037146024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96408169"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15074397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6651707887649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5856038928031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.5354613661766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-systems","display_name":"Radar systems","score":0.4839504063129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.46174079179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.459811806678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.43264222145080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.37778231501579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.33901849389076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3351215422153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2762683629989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23596647381782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1065220832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08573159575462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.083781898021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07926157116889954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6651707887649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5856038928031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5354613661766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.4839504063129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.46174079179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.459811806678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43264222145080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.37778231501579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.33901849389076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3351215422153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2762683629989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23596647381782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1065220832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08573159575462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.083781898021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07926157116889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/4/48/pdf?version=1506160456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01940e3246eb4ea690547afb551944f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01940e3246eb4ea690547afb551944f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 5, Iss 4, p 48 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/5/4/48/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 5; Issue 4; Pages: 48","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5040048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5040048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/4/48/pdf?version=1506160456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2757988165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2757988165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173376272","https://openalex.org/W1541516407","https://openalex.org/W1584491290","https://openalex.org/W1995869816","https://openalex.org/W2031286792","https://openalex.org/W2048156710","https://openalex.org/W2132821537","https://openalex.org/W2466139024","https://openalex.org/W4253747006","https://openalex.org/W4300417384","https://openalex.org/W6719383536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W760655932","https://openalex.org/W96662699","https://openalex.org/W32626702","https://openalex.org/W2573371920","https://openalex.org/W156107400","https://openalex.org/W2353141829","https://openalex.org/W2083225881","https://openalex.org/W2362183774","https://openalex.org/W2370482908","https://openalex.org/W2910716297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"usefulness":[1,119],"of":[2,6,26,120,140,149],"packageability":[3,18,86,100,112,121,141,150,191],"as":[4,113,122,130,132,195],"one":[5],"the":[7,59,65,71],"\u2018ilities\u2019":[8],"for":[9,48,107,133,153,198],"systems":[10,93,155,199],"engineering":[11],"was":[12,15,30,83,160],"investigated.":[13],"It":[14,82],"found":[16],"that":[17,40,58,70,85,168,175,180,190],"plays":[19],"an":[20,53,196],"important":[21],"role":[22],"in":[23,32],"a":[24,36,78,105,114,123,146,164],"multitude":[25],"systems,":[27],"and":[28,69,135,174],"it":[29],"investigated":[31],"several":[33],"ways.":[34],"First,":[35],"brief":[37],"analysis":[38],"showed":[39],"at":[41],"least":[42],"two":[43],"criteria":[44,56],"must":[45,74],"be":[46,51,77,163,193],"met":[47],"something":[49],"to":[50,110,162,172],"considered":[52,194],"ility.":[54],"These":[55],"are":[57,181],"ility":[60,73,166,197],"often":[61],"manifests":[62],"itself":[63],"after":[64],"system":[66,108,116,126,178],"is":[67,101,128,142,151],"deployed,":[68],"potential":[72],"not":[75,182],"simply":[76],"persistent":[79],"physical":[80],"characteristic.":[81],"shown":[84,161],"meets":[87],"both":[88],"requirements.":[89],"Second,":[90],"six":[91],"different":[92],"were":[94],"examined,":[95],"revealing":[96],"nine":[97],"general":[98],"ways":[99],"used.":[102],"They":[103],"provide":[104],"way":[106],"engineers":[109],"recognize":[111],"non-functional":[115,125],"property.":[117],"top-level":[124],"property":[127],"shown,":[129],"well":[131],"sub-systems":[134],"components.":[136],"A":[137],"working":[138],"definition":[139],"then":[143],"proposed.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"detailed":[147],"treatment":[148],"presented":[152],"radar":[154],"with":[156],"transmit\u2013receive":[157],"modules.":[158],"Packageability":[159],"useful":[165],"category":[167],"can":[169],"add":[170],"value":[171],"stakeholders,":[173],"captures":[176],"real":[177],"features":[179],"captured":[183],"by":[184],"other":[185],"ilities.":[186],"This":[187],"work":[188],"demonstrates":[189],"should":[192],"engineers.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2017-10-06T00:00:00"}
