{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2610124385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","title":"Inside Out: Organizations as Service Systems Equipped with Relational Boundaries","display_name":"Inside Out: Organizations as Service Systems Equipped with Relational Boundaries","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2610124385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","mag":"2610124385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5020036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/2/36/pdf?version=1493290191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/2/36/pdf?version=1493290191","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053106412","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Crespo Garrido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-4438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Crespo Garrido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Management, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares 28801, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Management, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares 28801, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067612725","display_name":"Mara Grimaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-7932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mara Grimaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026697910","display_name":"Gennaro Maione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-6369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gennaro Maione","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-6369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005487240","display_name":"Massimiliano Vesci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5871-7843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Vesci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Science\u2014Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026697910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.3864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73193767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"36","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5247509479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-reengineering","display_name":"Business process reengineering","score":0.48319804668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4827220141887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46052202582359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-view","display_name":"Relational view","score":0.4555330276489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transactional-leadership","display_name":"Transactional leadership","score":0.4533585011959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensemaking","display_name":"Sensemaking","score":0.4530189037322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closure","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","score":0.4335816204547882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.42004308104515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41282349824905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.38091209530830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36167359352111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3520081639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.23366880416870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","score":0.22459861636161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.20749247074127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1859503984451294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5247509479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29143872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876690","display_name":"Business process reengineering","level":3,"score":0.48319804668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4827220141887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46052202582359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604007","display_name":"Relational view","level":2,"score":0.4555330276489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.4533585011959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063340","display_name":"Sensemaking","level":2,"score":0.4530189037322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4335816204547882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42004308104515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41282349824905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38091209530830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36167359352111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3520081639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23366880416870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.22459861636161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.20749247074127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1859503984451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5020036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/2/36/pdf?version=1493290191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e87091ec84e45eaaecba74b7c0b0ffa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e87091ec84e45eaaecba74b7c0b0ffa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 5, Iss 2, p 36 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/5/2/36/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 5; Issue 2; Pages: 36","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems5020036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems5020036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/5/2/36/pdf?version=1493290191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2610124385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2610124385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33764734","https://openalex.org/W47753225","https://openalex.org/W563000363","https://openalex.org/W565308588","https://openalex.org/W624134147","https://openalex.org/W636504004","https://openalex.org/W1493195479","https://openalex.org/W1511986174","https://openalex.org/W1530538252","https://openalex.org/W1547729991","https://openalex.org/W1565709498","https://openalex.org/W1585881858","https://openalex.org/W1585918036","https://openalex.org/W1852667392","https://openalex.org/W1973607659","https://openalex.org/W1978520318","https://openalex.org/W1982577349","https://openalex.org/W1983272056","https://openalex.org/W1989075208","https://openalex.org/W1989185912","https://openalex.org/W1992829642","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2016672949","https://openalex.org/W2019338071","https://openalex.org/W2020492031","https://openalex.org/W2024045908","https://openalex.org/W2030152714","https://openalex.org/W2031513649","https://openalex.org/W2037021691","https://openalex.org/W2037196671","https://openalex.org/W2052730789","https://openalex.org/W2056621186","https://openalex.org/W2056668142","https://openalex.org/W2056778523","https://openalex.org/W2060827592","https://openalex.org/W2084935660","https://openalex.org/W2103603030","https://openalex.org/W2108183214","https://openalex.org/W2111853232","https://openalex.org/W2116720897","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2119836473","https://openalex.org/W2126649129","https://openalex.org/W2132081716","https://openalex.org/W2135526934","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2140256961","https://openalex.org/W2140685667","https://openalex.org/W2145208187","https://openalex.org/W2147372132","https://openalex.org/W2203507558","https://openalex.org/W2289522471","https://openalex.org/W2292000518","https://openalex.org/W2311185436","https://openalex.org/W2411741860","https://openalex.org/W2461358345","https://openalex.org/W2472067023","https://openalex.org/W2476885523","https://openalex.org/W2481724574","https://openalex.org/W2482112257","https://openalex.org/W2494257081","https://openalex.org/W2514090597","https://openalex.org/W2538342620","https://openalex.org/W2545092843","https://openalex.org/W2683216822","https://openalex.org/W2899763232","https://openalex.org/W2910320021","https://openalex.org/W2992798763","https://openalex.org/W2993458974","https://openalex.org/W3000711768","https://openalex.org/W3122372996","https://openalex.org/W3122383732","https://openalex.org/W3123893108","https://openalex.org/W3124464195","https://openalex.org/W3124590526","https://openalex.org/W3124666520","https://openalex.org/W3124780577","https://openalex.org/W3125479040","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W4230348989","https://openalex.org/W4234152630","https://openalex.org/W4241552524","https://openalex.org/W4246477977","https://openalex.org/W4247526165","https://openalex.org/W4250503856","https://openalex.org/W4380766783","https://openalex.org/W6632883855","https://openalex.org/W6632934549","https://openalex.org/W6647506917","https://openalex.org/W6655210872","https://openalex.org/W6672783144","https://openalex.org/W6675440329","https://openalex.org/W6685611753","https://openalex.org/W6696719969","https://openalex.org/W6721862771","https://openalex.org/W6749246317","https://openalex.org/W6771034930","https://openalex.org/W6771363671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3002559787","https://openalex.org/W2100609754","https://openalex.org/W2050640900","https://openalex.org/W2795557596","https://openalex.org/W2049050102","https://openalex.org/W2596767525","https://openalex.org/W1886987011","https://openalex.org/W2331546953","https://openalex.org/W2023412717","https://openalex.org/W3045759591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"literature":[1],"on":[2,27,42],"organizational":[3,75,145,198,208],"boundaries":[4,199],"is":[5],"at":[6,66],"the":[7,28,34,37,48,52,62,79,82,92,95,107,110,115,118,121,129,135,141,195,202],"center":[8],"of":[9,30,36,39,51,54,59,71,81,97,109,117,131,140,154,164,171,197],"a":[10,15,18,22,68,98,151,168,214],"heated":[11],"debate,":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14],"shift":[16],"from":[17,106],"transactional":[19],"approach":[20,124,127],"to":[21,47,144,150],"broader":[23],"immaterial":[24],"perspective":[25],"centered":[26],"concept":[29],"boundless":[31],"organizations.":[32],"However,":[33],"overestimation":[35],"effects":[38],"contemporary":[40],"dematerialization":[41],"business":[43],"processes":[44],"can":[45],"lead":[46],"progressive":[49],"neglect":[50],"existence":[53],"corporate":[55],"borders.":[56],"In":[57],"light":[58],"this":[60,90,147],"consideration,":[61],"present":[63],"work":[64,148],"aims":[65],"proposing":[67],"new":[69,99,192,207],"type":[70],"criterion":[72],"for":[73,181,194,213],"defining":[74],"boundaries,":[76,146],"halfway":[77],"between":[78],"conception":[80],"firm\u2019s":[83],"total":[84,87],"openness":[85],"and":[86,137,160,188],"closure.":[88],"To":[89],"end,":[91],"authors":[93],"envisage":[94],"use":[96],"interpretive":[100],"logic":[101,119],"defined":[102],"as":[103,114,157],"\u201crelational\u201d,":[104],"resulting":[105],"specification":[108],"systemic":[111],"view":[112],"(and":[113],"sum":[116],"underlying":[120],"viable":[122],"systems":[123],"(VSA)).":[125],"This":[126,175],"views":[128],"definition":[130],"boundaries.":[132],"Therefore,":[133],"in":[134],"large":[136],"intricate":[138],"scenery":[139],"studies":[142],"dedicated":[143],"contributes":[149],"better":[152],"understanding":[153],"border":[155],"selection":[156],"an":[158],"interactive":[159],"changeable":[161],"process":[162],"capable":[163],"pushing":[165],"organizations":[166],"towards":[167],"greater":[169,215],"awareness":[170],"their":[172],"strategic":[173],"dimension.":[174],"paper":[176],"also":[177],"offers":[178],"some":[179],"insights":[180],"future":[182],"research,":[183],"suggesting":[184],"that":[185,206],"both":[186],"scholars":[187],"professionals":[189],"investigate,":[190],"firstly,":[191],"frontiers":[193],"identification":[196],"and,":[200],"secondly,":[201],"possible":[203],"positive":[204],"repercussions":[205],"redesign":[209],"modes":[210],"could":[211],"determine":[212],"competitive":[216],"success.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-05-05T00:00:00"}