{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160642381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050534","title":"Industry\u2013University\u2013Research Collaboration, Knowledge Acquisition, and Firm Total Factor Productivity: Evidence on Internal and External Contingencies from China","display_name":"Industry\u2013University\u2013Research Collaboration, Knowledge Acquisition, and Firm Total Factor Productivity: Evidence on Internal and External Contingencies from China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160642381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/5/534/pdf?version=1778247674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/5/534/pdf?version=1778247674","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133700130","display_name":"Meijiao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meijiao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024357039","display_name":"Pan Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135650677","display_name":"Renyan Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-1429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150320","display_name":"Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System","ror":"https://ror.org/03nrzqb76","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150320"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renyan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Product Innovation Management of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China","School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-1429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Product Innovation Management of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135650677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116","https://openalex.org/I4210150320"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50715801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"534","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.35670000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.35670000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.09109999984502792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity","display_name":"Total factor productivity","score":0.6682999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorptive-capacity","display_name":"Absorptive capacity","score":0.6327999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data","display_name":"Panel data","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.5166000127792358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.6682999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.646399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777724570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669907","display_name":"Absorptive capacity","level":2,"score":0.6327999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017468152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830170","display_name":"Knowledge production","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C855514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Interaction","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/5/534/pdf?version=1778247674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d2a11054e7f46728dee218aab5f1361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d2a11054e7f46728dee218aab5f1361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 534 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/5/534/pdf?version=1778247674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4026561975479126,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160642381.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160642381.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whether":[0],"industry\u2013university\u2013research":[1],"(IUR)":[2],"collaboration":[3,22,53,90,112,219],"improves":[4],"firm-level":[5,55],"productivity,":[6],"and":[7,40,60,100,130,161,179,196,205,224],"under":[8],"what":[9],"conditions,":[10],"remains":[11],"insufficiently":[12],"understood.":[13],"Existing":[14],"studies":[15],"often":[16],"examine":[17,50],"the":[18,26,33,127,133,172,183,187,199,227],"effects":[19],"of":[20,35,72,123,202,216,229],"IUR":[21,52,89,111,218],"in":[23,126,132,157,176,232],"isolation,":[24],"overlooking":[25],"fact":[27],"that":[28,96,110,171,186],"productivity":[29,58,121,188,222],"outcomes":[30],"emerge":[31],"from":[32,83,190],"interaction":[34],"internal":[36,98],"capabilities,":[37],"external":[38,191],"environments,":[39,160],"institutional":[41,206],"support.":[42],"This":[43,208],"study":[44,209],"develops":[45],"a":[46,213],"systems-oriented":[47],"framework":[48],"to":[49,85],"how":[51,61,217],"affects":[54],"total":[56],"factor":[57],"(TFP)":[59],"this":[62,138],"effect":[63,139,173],"depends":[64],"on":[65],"multiple":[66],"contingencies.":[67],"Using":[68],"an":[69,92],"unbalanced":[70],"panel":[71],"24,227":[73],"firm-year":[74],"observations":[75],"for":[76,149],"3540":[77],"Chinese":[78],"A-share":[79],"non-financial":[80],"listed":[81],"firms":[82,150,155,162],"2011":[84],"2024,":[86],"we":[87],"embed":[88],"into":[91,221],"augmented":[93],"production":[94],"function":[95],"integrates":[97],"research":[99],"development":[101],"(R&amp;D)":[102],"with":[103,116,119,151],"externally":[104],"acquired":[105],"knowledge.":[106],"The":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109,170],"is":[113,140,146,174],"positively":[114],"associated":[115],"firm":[117],"TFP,":[118],"estimated":[120],"gains":[122,189],"approximately":[124],"2.3%":[125],"baseline":[128],"specification":[129],"3.5%":[131],"instrumental-variable":[134],"specification.":[135],"More":[136],"importantly,":[137],"conditional":[141],"rather":[142],"than":[143],"automatic:":[144],"it":[145],"significantly":[147],"stronger":[148],"higher":[152],"absorptive":[153],"capacity,":[154],"operating":[156],"more":[158],"dynamic":[159],"receiving":[163],"greater":[164],"innovation":[165,233],"subsidies.":[166],"Additional":[167],"analyses":[168],"further":[169],"concentrated":[175],"non-state-owned":[177],"enterprises":[178],"high-technology":[180],"industries.":[181],"Overall,":[182],"findings":[184],"suggest":[185],"knowledge":[192],"sourcing":[193],"are":[194],"system-dependent":[195],"shaped":[197],"by":[198,211,225],"joint":[200],"configuration":[201],"internal,":[203],"external,":[204],"factors.":[207],"contributes":[210],"providing":[212],"system-level":[214],"explanation":[215],"translates":[220],"improvement":[223],"highlighting":[226],"importance":[228],"complementary":[230],"mechanisms":[231],"systems.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}
