{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143326968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040361","title":"Multi-Objective Route Planning for Sustainable Multimodal Hazardous Material Transportation: An Improved NSGA-II Approach with Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS Decision Making","display_name":"Multi-Objective Route Planning for Sustainable Multimodal Hazardous Material Transportation: An Improved NSGA-II Approach with Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS Decision Making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143326968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14040361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/4/361/pdf?version=1774775272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/4/361/pdf?version=1774775272","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113427948","display_name":"Yilei Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6740-4549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902046","display_name":"Wenhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-4665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121949126","display_name":"Xiangwei Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangwei Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121949126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29247339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"361","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8420000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8420000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazardous-waste","display_name":"Hazardous waste","score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-planning","display_name":"Transportation planning","score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"Sustainable transport","score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.36579999327659607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39118121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034047","display_name":"Transportation planning","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157181609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364310","display_name":"Sustainable transport","level":3,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64695881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10747729","display_name":"Inherent safety","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989549987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350882","display_name":"Route planning","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31829261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929885","display_name":"Transportation theory","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14040361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/4/361/pdf?version=1774775272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa81aeee68e4427aa64c93e4ecc52410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa81aeee68e4427aa64c93e4ecc52410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 361 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14040361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14040361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/4/361/pdf?version=1774775272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143326968.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143326968.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,6,9,37,99,105,112,115,120,126,139,142,146,150,156,166,175,184,203,207,228,240],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,11,41,47,141,149,242],"global":[4],"industrialization,":[5],"market":[7],"for":[8,93,221],"transportation":[10,42,48,128,245],"hazardous":[12,243],"materials":[13,244],"is":[14,234],"also":[15],"expanding,":[16],"which":[17],"poses":[18],"an":[19,78],"increasingly":[20,229],"serious":[21],"threat":[22],"to":[23,35,110,132,137,238],"public":[24],"safety,":[25],"environmental":[26,72],"protection,":[27],"and":[28,39,54,71,85,118,144,159,178,193,212],"economic":[29],"stability.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32],"explores":[33],"solutions":[34],"improve":[36,239],"safety":[38,67],"sustainability":[40],"by":[43,152,190,196],"integrating":[44],"a":[45,59,135,170,235],"variety":[46],"modes,":[49],"such":[50],"as":[51,134],"highways,":[52],"railways,":[53],"waterways.":[55],"We":[56,97,124],"have":[57],"built":[58],"comprehensive":[60],"assessment":[61],"system":[62],"that":[63,165,202,226],"takes":[64],"into":[65],"account":[66],"considerations,":[68],"operating":[69,188,210],"costs,":[70,211],"impact.":[73],"The":[74,161,198,215],"methodological":[75],"contributions":[76],"include":[77],"improved":[79,100,147,167],"NSGA-II":[80,101,158,177],"algorithm":[81,102,151,168],"featuring":[82],"population":[83],"invasion":[84],"homologous":[86],"competition":[87],"mechanisms,":[88],"combined":[89,103],"with":[90,104,155],"entropy-weighted":[91],"TOPSIS":[92,108],"objective":[94],"route":[95,129],"selection.":[96],"use":[98],"entropy":[106],"weighted":[107],"method":[109],"model":[111,143],"solution,":[113],"screen":[114],"optimal":[116,185],"scheme,":[117],"determine":[119],"actual":[121],"feasible":[122,236],"route.":[123],"used":[125],"real":[127],"from":[130],"Berlin":[131],"Paris":[133],"case":[136],"verify":[138],"validity":[140],"proved":[145,201],"effect":[148],"comparing":[153],"it":[154,233],"baseline":[157,176],"MOQPSO.":[160],"experimental":[162,199],"results":[163,200,217],"demonstrated":[164],"achieved":[169],"133%":[171],"higher":[172,180],"hypervolume":[173],"than":[174,181],"58.8%":[179],"MOQPSO,":[182],"while":[183],"solution":[186],"reduced":[187,206],"costs":[189],"approximately":[191],"7.3%":[192],"carbon":[194,213],"emissions":[195],"12.7%.":[197],"framework":[204],"effectively":[205],"accident":[208],"rate,":[209],"emissions.":[214],"research":[216],"provide":[218],"important":[219],"references":[220],"logistics":[222],"planners,":[223],"fully":[224],"demonstrating":[225],"under":[227],"complex":[230],"world":[231],"pattern,":[232],"plan":[237],"efficiency":[241],"through":[246],"multimodal":[247],"transportation.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}