{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130722287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020221","title":"Systems Analysis of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competence Structure Among Chinese University Students: Evidence from Policy Texts","display_name":"Systems Analysis of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competence Structure Among Chinese University Students: Evidence from Policy Texts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130722287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020221","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/221/pdf?version=1771593318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/221/pdf?version=1771593318","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048324835","display_name":"Xiaojing Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-329X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China","College of Teacher Education, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Teacher Education, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126502302","display_name":"Zhanjun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhanjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126502302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26616915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"221","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.41499999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.41499999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.06539999693632126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14389","display_name":"Innovation, Technology, and Society","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","score":0.7342000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-analysis","display_name":"Policy analysis","score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-system","display_name":"Innovation system","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy","display_name":"Public policy","score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","score":0.36820000410079956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7342000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467367","display_name":"Innovation system","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987553829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380761","display_name":"Entrepreneurship education","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672407","display_name":"Policy learning","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778965292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918031","display_name":"National innovation system","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991747379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11016","display_name":"Technological system","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020221","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/221/pdf?version=1771593318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01bb1e571e5942be94da8d617c54f274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01bb1e571e5942be94da8d617c54f274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 221 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020221","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/221/pdf?version=1771593318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7762753367424011,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130722287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7130722287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1781149953","https://openalex.org/W1971665643","https://openalex.org/W1988949948","https://openalex.org/W2015828090","https://openalex.org/W2020423957","https://openalex.org/W2021866362","https://openalex.org/W2025701562","https://openalex.org/W2029367541","https://openalex.org/W2054000398","https://openalex.org/W2082802482","https://openalex.org/W2120431631","https://openalex.org/W2123023121","https://openalex.org/W2159399759","https://openalex.org/W2587142739","https://openalex.org/W2789856762","https://openalex.org/W4293546651","https://openalex.org/W4382797364","https://openalex.org/W4392776306","https://openalex.org/W4402775717","https://openalex.org/W4402989821"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,144],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,45,55,59,76,94,139,149,161,167,181,186],"structure":[4],"of":[5,19,37,61,78,163,169,190],"innovation":[6,24,40,81],"and":[7,25,41,50,82,115,122,129,173,179,192],"entrepreneurship":[8,26,42,83],"competence":[9,43,84],"among":[10],"university":[11,38,79],"students":[12],"in":[13,85,138,148],"China.":[14],"Based":[15],"on":[16,23,106,132,185],"an":[17,104,130],"analysis":[18,73],"33":[20],"policy":[21,62,86,96,108,150,164],"texts":[22,87],"education":[27],"from":[28,100,113,120,152],"2010":[29],"to":[30,155],"2022,":[31],"it":[32],"constructs":[33],"a":[34,64,146],"structural":[35,102],"model":[36],"students\u2019":[39,80],"comprising":[44],"knowledge":[46,134],"layer,":[47,49],"ability":[48],"literacy":[51,137],"layer":[52],"by":[53,171],"employing":[54],"Onion":[56],"Model.":[57],"From":[58],"perspective":[60],"instruments,":[63,109,165],"two-dimensional":[65],"competence\u2013policy":[66],"instrument":[67],"analytical":[68],"framework":[69],"is":[70],"established.":[71],"The":[72],"reveals":[74],"that":[75],"articulation":[77],"exhibits":[88],"distinct":[89],"stage-wise":[90],"evolutionary":[91],"characteristics.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"current":[95],"support":[97,119],"system":[98,156,183],"suffers":[99],"three":[101],"imbalances:":[103],"over-reliance":[105],"supply-side":[107],"with":[110],"insufficient":[111],"synergy":[112],"environmental":[114,121,172],"demand-side":[116,123,174],"instruments;":[117],"weak":[118],"instruments":[124,175],"for":[125],"certain":[126],"key":[127,177],"competencies;":[128],"emphasis":[131],"explicit":[133,191],"over":[135],"implicit":[136,193],"cultivation":[140,182],"logic.":[141],"Consequently,":[142],"this":[143],"proposes":[145],"shift":[147],"paradigm":[151],"factor":[153],"input":[154],"generation.":[157],"Recommendations":[158],"include":[159],"optimizing":[160],"mix":[162],"improving":[166],"precision":[168],"interventions":[170],"targeting":[176],"competencies,":[178],"reconstructing":[180],"based":[184],"different":[187],"generative":[188],"logics":[189],"competence.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}
