{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126092078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020139","title":"Optimising Calculation Logic in Emergency Management: A Framework for Strategic Decision-Making","display_name":"Optimising Calculation Logic in Emergency Management: A Framework for Strategic Decision-Making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126092078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/139/pdf?version=1769686198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/139/pdf?version=1769686198","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110959435","display_name":"Yuqi Hang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000163345","display_name":"Kexi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-245X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kexi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000163345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10502305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"139","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.20029999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.20029999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.1500999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.049400001764297485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5827999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-response","display_name":"Emergency response","score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unexpected-events","display_name":"Unexpected events","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time","display_name":"Response time","score":0.32089999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6245999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5827999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169806903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937752","display_name":"Human error","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/139/pdf?version=1769686198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24db1cfb8a104314b83a9ce8a43aa988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24db1cfb8a104314b83a9ce8a43aa988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 139 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020139","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/139/pdf?version=1769686198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.705966055393219,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126092078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126092078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759121147","https://openalex.org/W3004721071","https://openalex.org/W3024199694","https://openalex.org/W3106915271","https://openalex.org/W3157472232","https://openalex.org/W3204199614","https://openalex.org/W4229017229","https://openalex.org/W4294168536","https://openalex.org/W4313002037","https://openalex.org/W4321760702","https://openalex.org/W4383619745","https://openalex.org/W4385429935","https://openalex.org/W4386210557","https://openalex.org/W4388130524","https://openalex.org/W4390978986","https://openalex.org/W4392134042","https://openalex.org/W4392763329","https://openalex.org/W4396674431","https://openalex.org/W4399386722","https://openalex.org/W4399708411","https://openalex.org/W4403304392","https://openalex.org/W4403409901","https://openalex.org/W4403987848","https://openalex.org/W4404295777","https://openalex.org/W4405231635","https://openalex.org/W4405526659","https://openalex.org/W4406624713","https://openalex.org/W4406712547","https://openalex.org/W4407228535","https://openalex.org/W4407913643","https://openalex.org/W4408504537","https://openalex.org/W4408955758","https://openalex.org/W4409250966","https://openalex.org/W4409723615","https://openalex.org/W4409856873","https://openalex.org/W4410241280","https://openalex.org/W4412066683"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,58,81,124,175],"increasing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4],"rapid":[5],"emergency":[6,45,194],"management":[7],"decision-making,":[8],"which":[9],"must":[10],"be":[11],"both":[12],"timely":[13],"and":[14,24,30,72,77,105,107,116,132,142,178,189],"reliable,":[15],"even":[16],"slight":[17],"delays":[18],"can":[19],"result":[20],"in":[21,192],"substantial":[22],"human":[23],"economic":[25],"losses.":[26],"However,":[27],"current":[28],"systems":[29],"recent":[31],"state-of-the-art":[32],"work":[33],"often":[34],"use":[35],"inflexible":[36],"rule-based":[37],"logic":[38,111],"that":[39,68,173],"cannot":[40],"adapt":[41],"to":[42,112,156,164,170],"rapidly":[43],"changing":[44],"conditions":[46],"or":[47],"dynamically":[48],"optimise":[49],"response":[50,114,151],"allocation.":[51],"As":[52],"a":[53,64,91,138,143],"result,":[54],"our":[55],"study":[56],"presents":[57],"Calculation":[59],"Logic":[60],"Optimisation":[61],"Framework":[62],"(CLOF),":[63],"novel":[65],"data-driven":[66],"approach":[67],"enhances":[69],"decision-making":[70],"intelligently":[71],"strategically":[73],"through":[74],"learning-based":[75],"predictive":[76],"multi-objective":[78],"optimisation,":[79],"utilising":[80],"911":[82],"Emergency":[83],"Calls":[84],"data":[85],"set,":[86],"comprising":[87],"more":[88],"than":[89],"half":[90],"million":[92],"records":[93],"from":[94],"Montgomery":[95],"County,":[96],"Pennsylvania,":[97],"USA.":[98],"The":[99,120,149,167],"CLOF":[100,168],"examines":[101],"patterns":[102],"over":[103],"space":[104],"time":[106,152],"uses":[108],"optimised":[109],"calculation":[110],"reduce":[113],"latency":[115],"increase":[117],"decision":[118],"reliability.":[119],"suggested":[121],"framework":[122],"outperforms":[123],"standard":[125],"Decision":[126],"Tree,":[127],"Random":[128],"Forest,":[129],"Gradient":[130],"Boosting,":[131],"XGBoost":[133],"baselines,":[134],"achieving":[135],"94.68%":[136],"accuracy,":[137],"log-loss":[139],"of":[140,147,180],"0.081,":[141],"reliability":[144],"score":[145],"(R2)":[146],"0.955.":[148],"mean":[150],"error":[153],"is":[154],"reported":[155],"have":[157],"been":[158],"reduced":[159],"by":[160],"19%,":[161],"illustrating":[162],"robustness":[163],"real-world":[165],"uncertainty.":[166],"aims":[169],"deliver":[171],"results":[172],"confirm":[174],"scalability,":[176],"interpretability,":[177],"efficiency":[179],"modern":[181],"EM":[182],"frameworks,":[183],"thereby":[184],"improving":[185],"safety,":[186],"risk":[187],"awareness,":[188],"operational":[190],"quality":[191],"large-scale":[193],"networks.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}