{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125694460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020121","title":"A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Teacher Engagement in Sustainable Education Systems","display_name":"A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Teacher Engagement in Sustainable Education Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125694460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/121/pdf?version=1769415113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/121/pdf?version=1769415113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014550212","display_name":"Esra Ge\u00e7ikli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64134780","display_name":"Atat\u00fcrk University","ror":"https://ror.org/03je5c526","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra Ge\u00e7ikli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum 25240, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-2626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum 25240, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123863137","display_name":"Figen \u00c7am-Tosun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","display_name":"Sinop University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ah3r71","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Figen \u00c7am-Tosun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-2179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123863137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":92.6691,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99392749,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"121","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11835","display_name":"Sustainability in Higher Education","score":0.23029999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11835","display_name":"Sustainability in Higher Education","score":0.23029999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14240","display_name":"E-Learning and COVID-19","score":0.039500001817941666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3995000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43141900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948732","display_name":"Environmental education","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/121/pdf?version=1769415113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3a277c99e904e3d9b1c103642fd3eb3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3a277c99e904e3d9b1c103642fd3eb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 121 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14020121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/2/121/pdf?version=1769415113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4875572621822357,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318840","display_name":"Sinop \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/004ah3r71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125694460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125694460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519396340","https://openalex.org/W1972107693","https://openalex.org/W2025643726","https://openalex.org/W2046145710","https://openalex.org/W2061931887","https://openalex.org/W2078766867","https://openalex.org/W2090091491","https://openalex.org/W2101254688","https://openalex.org/W2123780020","https://openalex.org/W2131017537","https://openalex.org/W2138553205","https://openalex.org/W2138597880","https://openalex.org/W2166282468","https://openalex.org/W2172273046","https://openalex.org/W2257619836","https://openalex.org/W2515596521","https://openalex.org/W2530409471","https://openalex.org/W2730483724","https://openalex.org/W2765968436","https://openalex.org/W2801566230","https://openalex.org/W2902626793","https://openalex.org/W2919384198","https://openalex.org/W2972219719","https://openalex.org/W3013330736","https://openalex.org/W3024162438","https://openalex.org/W3134427152","https://openalex.org/W3135622329","https://openalex.org/W3194352974","https://openalex.org/W4225254894","https://openalex.org/W4241305723","https://openalex.org/W4290994249","https://openalex.org/W4313287784","https://openalex.org/W4318391476","https://openalex.org/W4324144351","https://openalex.org/W4366966672","https://openalex.org/W4386420955","https://openalex.org/W4389510466","https://openalex.org/W4390719161","https://openalex.org/W4394766810","https://openalex.org/W4396871554","https://openalex.org/W4399698763","https://openalex.org/W4399735906","https://openalex.org/W4400038567","https://openalex.org/W4400490808","https://openalex.org/W4401634728","https://openalex.org/W4403172147","https://openalex.org/W4403396944","https://openalex.org/W4406475165","https://openalex.org/W4406808262","https://openalex.org/W4407895480","https://openalex.org/W4408777997","https://openalex.org/W4409521329","https://openalex.org/W4409646137","https://openalex.org/W4409650618","https://openalex.org/W4409831447","https://openalex.org/W4411351017","https://openalex.org/W4411917926","https://openalex.org/W4412369228","https://openalex.org/W4412390838","https://openalex.org/W7083799341"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Education":[0,66],"can":[1],"be":[2],"conceptualized":[3],"as":[4,14,114,172],"a":[5,15,74,137,158,173],"complex":[6,152,194],"socio-technical":[7],"system":[8,19],"in":[9,103,125,151,183,193],"which":[10],"teacher":[11,144],"engagement":[12],"functions":[13],"dynamic":[16],"component":[17],"supporting":[18],"performance":[20],"and":[21,59,68,89,96,118,130,143,180],"adaptability.":[22],"The":[23,51,107],"present":[24],"study":[25,52,79,165],"examines":[26],"how":[27],"science":[28,57],"teachers\u2019":[29],"perceptions":[30,129,142],"of":[31,38,55,169],"sustainable":[32,127],"education":[33,128],"interact":[34],"with":[35,123,147],"their":[36],"levels":[37],"work":[39,131],"engagement,":[40,145],"providing":[41],"empirical":[42,186],"insights":[43,187],"into":[44],"system-level":[45,178],"relationships":[46,95],"relevant":[47],"to":[48,92],"educational":[49,153],"sustainability.":[50],"sample":[53],"consisted":[54],"246":[56],"teachers,":[58],"data":[60],"were":[61],"collected":[62],"using":[63],"the":[64,69,78,134,164,167],"Sustainable":[65],"Scale":[67],"Engaged":[70],"Teacher":[71],"Scale.":[72],"Adopting":[73],"systems-informed":[75],"analytical":[76],"perspective,":[77],"employs":[80],"machine":[81,170],"learning":[82,171],"methods":[83],"(Random":[84],"Forest,":[85],"CART,":[86],"Extra":[87],"Trees,":[88],"Bagging":[90],"Regression)":[91],"explore":[93],"non-linear":[94],"interaction":[97],"patterns":[98,182],"that":[99,110,188],"may":[100,189],"remain":[101],"obscured":[102],"conventional":[104],"linear":[105],"analyses.":[106],"results":[108],"indicate":[109],"structural":[111],"factors":[112],"such":[113],"weekly":[115],"teaching":[116],"hours":[117],"academic":[119],"qualifications":[120],"are":[121],"associated":[122],"variations":[124],"both":[126],"engagement.":[132],"Moreover,":[133],"findings":[135],"suggest":[136],"reciprocal":[138],"relationship":[139],"between":[140],"sustainability-oriented":[141,191],"consistent":[146],"feedback":[148],"dynamics":[149],"observed":[150],"systems.":[154,196],"Rather":[155],"than":[156],"proposing":[157],"new":[159],"theoretical":[160],"framework":[161],"or":[162],"algorithm,":[163],"demonstrates":[166],"utility":[168],"methodological":[174],"tool":[175],"for":[176],"examining":[177],"interactions":[179],"emergent":[181],"education,":[184],"offering":[185],"inform":[190],"practices":[192],"social":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-27T00:00:00"}