{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125219441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010110","title":"A Systems-Thinking Framework for Embedding Planetary Boundaries into Chemical Engineering Curriculum","display_name":"A Systems-Thinking Framework for Embedding Planetary Boundaries into Chemical Engineering Curriculum","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125219441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/110/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025586969","display_name":"Yazeed M. Aleissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yazeed M. Aleissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-4678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025586969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":9.4721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94303254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"110","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.37279999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.37279999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11835","display_name":"Sustainability in Higher Education","score":0.1889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.6747000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capstone","display_name":"Capstone","score":0.5914999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundaries","display_name":"Planetary boundaries","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-thinking","display_name":"Systems thinking","score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.32499998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.6747000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778293151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5036367","display_name":"Capstone","level":2,"score":0.5914999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32334204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961310","display_name":"Planetary boundaries","level":3,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.5522000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54725748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247277","display_name":"Process integration","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55396564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3084971","display_name":"Process design","level":3,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780920095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895154","display_name":"Boundary object","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16851934","display_name":"Capstone course","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200287777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830115","display_name":"Concept map","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108867877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186773","display_name":"Critical systems thinking","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779825147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753447","display_name":"Project-based learning","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776489442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510090","display_name":"Learning-by-doing","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba984e9c5d194148bd442c9e01be7088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba984e9c5d194148bd442c9e01be7088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 110 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125219441.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125219441.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533707406","https://openalex.org/W1820525945","https://openalex.org/W1968635164","https://openalex.org/W1987676671","https://openalex.org/W1999167944","https://openalex.org/W2002707339","https://openalex.org/W2071925161","https://openalex.org/W2077627974","https://openalex.org/W2082121289","https://openalex.org/W2096885696","https://openalex.org/W2116224228","https://openalex.org/W2464993569","https://openalex.org/W2565277564","https://openalex.org/W2777131048","https://openalex.org/W2782621961","https://openalex.org/W2799695060","https://openalex.org/W2811133697","https://openalex.org/W2900202987","https://openalex.org/W2984588522","https://openalex.org/W3013937980","https://openalex.org/W3173441636","https://openalex.org/W4205596113","https://openalex.org/W4212940406","https://openalex.org/W4242563389","https://openalex.org/W4285606956","https://openalex.org/W4296127882","https://openalex.org/W4386706488","https://openalex.org/W4387127010","https://openalex.org/W4388166596","https://openalex.org/W4388558465","https://openalex.org/W4388902496","https://openalex.org/W4390449494","https://openalex.org/W4401873415","https://openalex.org/W4411292664","https://openalex.org/W4411729434"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104],"integration":[1,23,100],"of":[2,40],"complex":[3,59],"system":[4,79,114,171],"concepts":[5,119],"and":[6,47,52,78,89,94,97,122,127,134,145,148,159,173,196],"sustainability":[7,175],"in":[8,115],"chemical":[9,83,181],"engineering":[10,84],"education":[11,167],"is":[12],"often":[13],"limited":[14],"to":[15,33,57,68,101,141,183],"elective":[16],"or":[17],"separate":[18],"courses":[19],"rather":[20],"than":[21],"their":[22],"into":[24],"the":[25,41,48,53,74,107],"core":[26,82],"curriculum.":[27],"This":[28,62,162],"pedagogical":[29],"gap":[30,71],"can":[31],"lead":[32],"graduates":[34],"who":[35],"lack":[36],"a":[37,65],"holistic":[38],"understanding":[39],"intricate":[42],"interplay":[43],"between":[44],"industrial":[45],"processes":[46,185],"Earth\u2019s":[49],"ecological":[50],"limits,":[51],"feedback":[54],"loops":[55],"required":[56],"address":[58],"global":[60],"challenges.":[61],"paper":[63],"presents":[64],"transformative":[66],"approach":[67,163],"close":[69],"this":[70,99],"by":[72,169],"embedding":[73],"Planetary":[75],"Boundaries":[76],"framework":[77,105],"thinking":[80,172],"across":[81],"courses,":[85],"such":[86,153],"as":[87,110,154],"Material":[88],"Energy":[90],"Balances,":[91],"Reaction":[92],"Engineering,":[93],"Process":[95],"Design,":[96],"extending":[98],"capstone":[102],"projects.":[103],"treats":[106],"curriculum":[108,155],"itself":[109],"an":[111],"interconnected":[112],"learning":[113,146,177],"which":[116],"key":[117],"systems":[118],"are":[120],"revisited":[121],"deepened":[123],"through":[124],"contextualized":[125],"examples":[126,144],"digital":[128],"modeling":[129],"tools,":[130],"including":[131],"process":[132,143],"simulators":[133],"life-cycle":[135],"assessment.":[136],"We":[137],"map":[138],"each":[139],"boundary":[140],"illustrative":[142],"activities":[147],"discuss":[149],"practical":[150],"implementation":[151],"issues":[152],"crowding,":[156],"educator":[157],"readiness,":[158],"data":[160],"availability.":[161],"aligns":[164],"with":[165],"outcome-based":[166],"goals":[168],"making":[170],"absolute":[174],"explicit":[176],"outcomes,":[178],"preparing":[179],"future":[180],"engineers":[182],"design":[184],"that":[186],"respect":[187],"planetary":[188],"limits":[189],"while":[190],"balancing":[191],"technical":[192],"performance,":[193],"economic":[194],"feasibility,":[195],"societal":[197],"needs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}