{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7122731854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010077","title":"A Digital Engineering Framework for Piston Pin Bearings via Multi-Physics Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Modeling","display_name":"A Digital Engineering Framework for Piston Pin Bearings via Multi-Physics Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Modeling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7122731854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/77/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/77/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113090025","display_name":"Zhiyuan Shu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1479-0601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122785448","display_name":"Tian Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-1435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04036946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11138","display_name":"Tribology and Lubrication Engineering","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11138","display_name":"Tribology and Lubrication Engineering","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11557","display_name":"Lubricants and Their Additives","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piston","display_name":"Piston (optics)","score":0.5784000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubrication","display_name":"Lubrication","score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connecting-rod","display_name":"Connecting rod","score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199524791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7198512","display_name":"Piston (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5784000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184608416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455803","display_name":"Lubrication","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189441244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221539","display_name":"Connecting rod","level":2,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132798551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192753","display_name":"Fluid bearing","level":3,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020116064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Heat generation","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110339231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143425","display_name":"Stiction","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780991453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3408177","display_name":"Virtual prototyping","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776981777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49718","display_name":"Crankshaft","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/77/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f02dba2084b046b7854a96fa56d3bb33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f02dba2084b046b7854a96fa56d3bb33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 77 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/164693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/164693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/77/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5522669553756714,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122731854.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38],"piston":[1,27],"pin":[2,28],"operates":[3],"under":[4],"severe":[5],"mechanical":[6],"and":[7,49,84,108,143],"thermal":[8],"conditions,":[9],"making":[10],"accurate":[11],"lubrication":[12],"prediction":[13],"essential":[14],"for":[15,26,133,147],"engine":[16,148],"durability.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21,32,42,63,75,91,129],"comprehensive":[22],"digital":[23,131],"engineering":[24],"framework":[25,39,96],"bearings,":[29],"built":[30],"upon":[31],"fully":[33],"coupled":[34],"thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic":[35],"(TEHD)":[36],"formulation.":[37],"integrates:":[40],"(1)":[41],"Reynolds-equation":[43],"hydrodynamic":[44],"solver":[45],"with":[46,121],"temperature-/pressure-dependent":[47],"viscosity":[48],"cavitation;":[50],"(2)":[51],"elastic":[52],"deformation":[53],"obtained":[54],"from":[55],"FEA":[56],"(finite":[57],"element":[58],"analysis)-based":[59],"compliance":[60],"matrices;":[61],"(3)":[62],"break-in":[64],"module":[65],"that":[66],"iteratively":[67],"adjusts":[68],"surface":[69],"profiles":[70],"before":[71],"steady-state":[72],"simulation;":[73],"(4)":[74],"three-body":[76],"heat":[77,81,87],"transfer":[78],"model":[79],"resolving":[80],"conduction,":[82],"convection,":[83],"solid\u2013liquid":[85],"interfacial":[86],"exchange.":[88],"Applied":[89],"to":[90,127],"heavy-duty":[92],"diesel":[93],"engine,":[94],"the":[95,105,109,114,134],"reproduces":[97],"experimentally":[98],"observed":[99],"behaviors,":[100],"including":[101],"bottom-edge":[102],"rounding":[103],"at":[104],"small":[106],"end":[107],"slow":[110],"unidirectional":[111],"drift":[112],"of":[113],"floating":[115],"pin.":[116],"By":[117],"integrating":[118],"multi-physics":[119],"modeling":[120],"design-level":[122],"flexibility,":[123],"this":[124],"work":[125],"aims":[126],"provide":[128],"robust":[130],"twin":[132],"piston-pin":[135],"system,":[136],"enabling":[137],"virtual":[138],"diagnostics,":[139],"early-stage":[140],"failure":[141],"prediction,":[142],"data-driven":[144],"design":[145],"optimization":[146],"development.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-13T00:00:00"}