{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117738786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010043","title":"Strategic Smart City Development Through Citizen Participation: Empirical Evidence from Slovakia","display_name":"Strategic Smart City Development Through Citizen Participation: Empirical Evidence from Slovakia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117738786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/43/pdf?version=1767180625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/43/pdf?version=1767180625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072964208","display_name":"Oliver Bubel\u00edny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Bubeliny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070732542","display_name":"Dana Ku\u0161n\u00edrov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana Kusnirova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Macro and Microeconomics, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Macro and Microeconomics, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027717833","display_name":"Milan Kubina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milan Kubina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-3836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072964208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63904251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.8337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slovak","display_name":"Slovak","score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.43209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.8337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780102689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9058","display_name":"Slovak","level":3,"score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119059837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175096","display_name":"SWOT analysis","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777305734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1021120","display_name":"Participatory budgeting","level":4,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2685999870300293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/43/pdf?version=1767180625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79731681dd9b4f62a3a4d96b41a80117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79731681dd9b4f62a3a4d96b41a80117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 43 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/43/pdf?version=1767180625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4404709041118622,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117738786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117738786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501190759","https://openalex.org/W1964213418","https://openalex.org/W1974963036","https://openalex.org/W1995180899","https://openalex.org/W2105295108","https://openalex.org/W2160680058","https://openalex.org/W2163043615","https://openalex.org/W2339532457","https://openalex.org/W2570147799","https://openalex.org/W2965125776","https://openalex.org/W2991823687","https://openalex.org/W3043281113","https://openalex.org/W3093613497","https://openalex.org/W3125720463","https://openalex.org/W3146526547","https://openalex.org/W3213011784","https://openalex.org/W4249615001","https://openalex.org/W4283022519","https://openalex.org/W4285148652","https://openalex.org/W4293232673","https://openalex.org/W4307944504","https://openalex.org/W4321456715","https://openalex.org/W4376614633","https://openalex.org/W4384067905","https://openalex.org/W4387533093","https://openalex.org/W4388591926","https://openalex.org/W4400209556","https://openalex.org/W4401958839","https://openalex.org/W4409774388","https://openalex.org/W4412105880","https://openalex.org/W4412662722","https://openalex.org/W4415620752"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,146,169],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,14,77,84,96,143,149,153,173,188],"relationship":[4],"between":[5,110],"city":[6,81,111],"size,":[7],"strategic":[8,38,131],"capacity,":[9],"and":[10,29,64,74,86,106,113,133,155,164,179],"stakeholder":[11,99],"participation":[12],"in":[13,20,27],"development":[15],"of":[16,89,98,130,158],"Smart":[17,24,90,114,166],"City":[18,25,91,115,167],"strategies":[19,92],"Slovak":[21,53],"municipalities.":[22],"Although":[23],"initiatives":[26],"Central":[28],"Eastern":[30],"Europe":[31],"are":[32],"expanding,":[33],"empirical":[34],"evidence":[35],"on":[36],"their":[37],"foundations":[39],"remains":[40],"limited.":[41],"This":[42],"research":[43],"bridges":[44],"that":[45],"gap":[46],"by":[47,175],"analyzing":[48],"data":[49],"collected":[50],"from":[51],"35":[52],"cities":[54],"with":[55,136],"populations":[56],"above":[57],"20,000":[58],"inhabitants.":[59],"Using":[60],"a":[61,104],"structured":[62],"questionnaire":[63],"applying":[65],"nonparametric":[66],"statistical":[67],"methods":[68],"(Spearman":[69],"correlation,":[70],"Chi-square":[71],"test,":[72],"ANOVA,":[73],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[75],"test),":[76],"study":[78,170],"explores":[79],"how":[80],"size":[82,112],"affects":[83],"presence":[85],"thematic":[87,119],"orientation":[88],"as":[93,95],"well":[94],"intensity":[97],"participation.":[100],"results":[102],"reveal":[103],"moderate":[105],"statistically":[107],"significant":[108],"correlation":[109],"strategy":[116],"development,":[117],"while":[118],"orientations":[120],"remain":[121],"similar":[122],"across":[123],"cities.":[124],"Larger":[125],"municipalities":[126,160],"show":[127],"higher":[128],"levels":[129],"capacity":[132],"greater":[134],"cooperation":[135],"academic":[137],"institutions,":[138],"confirming":[139],"partial":[140],"support":[141],"for":[142],"proposed":[144],"hypotheses.":[145],"findings":[147],"underscore":[148],"need":[150],"to":[151,161,172,187],"strengthen":[152],"institutional":[154],"participatory":[156,180],"capacities":[157],"smaller":[159],"achieve":[162],"balanced":[163],"inclusive":[165],"governance.":[168],"contributes":[171],"literature":[174],"integrating":[176],"strategic,":[177],"technological,":[178],"dimensions":[181],"into":[182],"one":[183],"analytical":[184],"framework":[185],"applicable":[186],"CEE":[189],"context.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}
