{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416846549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121077","title":"An Evolutionary Game Analysis of CSR Governance in Multinational Enterprises Under External Stakeholder Monitoring","display_name":"An Evolutionary Game Analysis of CSR Governance in Multinational Enterprises Under External Stakeholder Monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416846549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13121077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/12/1077/pdf?version=1764348599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/12/1077/pdf?version=1764348599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018259504","display_name":"Wenlong Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-7202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100828802","display_name":"Ping Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-3397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100828802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53381026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"1077","last_page":"1077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.2847999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.2847999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.17059999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.04560000076889992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporation","display_name":"Multinational corporation","score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimacy","display_name":"Legitimacy","score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidiary","display_name":"Subsidiary","score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.40939998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6118000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126071100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658255","display_name":"Subsidiary","level":3,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776854237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information sharing","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137577040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431965","display_name":"Information asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196788367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499215","display_name":"Free rider problem","level":3,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298789","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85510643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500284","display_name":"Free riding","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195813598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474460","display_name":"Stakeholder analysis","level":3,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2519700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069992","display_name":"Evolutionarily stable strategy","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176239081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979849","display_name":"Stakeholder theory","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2930198","display_name":"Stakeholder engagement","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13121077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/12/1077/pdf?version=1764348599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1693765ef2534863a0720c7ef4c35cc6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1693765ef2534863a0720c7ef4c35cc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 1077 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13121077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/12/1077/pdf?version=1764348599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416846549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416846549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,80,103,113,117,129,135,149,172,191,206,220,267],"context":[2],"of":[3,16,39,119,137,163,174,222,269],"economic":[4],"globalization,":[5],"robust":[6],"corporate":[7],"social":[8],"responsibility":[9],"(CSR)":[10],"serves":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,97],"critical":[14],"source":[15],"legitimacy":[17],"and":[18,27,32,54,76,86,108,116,123,134,146,152,202,209,215,228,236,253,262],"competitive":[19,28],"advantage":[20],"for":[21,50,131,182,265],"multinational":[22],"enterprises":[23],"(MNEs).":[24],"However,":[25,185],"institutional":[26],"disparities":[29],"between":[30,83,205],"host":[31],"home":[33],"countries":[34],"frequently":[35],"lead":[36],"overseas":[37,106,160,183],"subsidiaries":[38],"MNEs":[40],"to":[41,59,127,195],"deviate":[42],"from":[43,148],"parent":[44,104,150,192,207],"company":[45,151,208],"standards":[46],"by":[47,155],"substituting":[48],"symbolic":[49],"substantive":[51,164,175,229],"CSR":[52,88,176,270],"practices":[53],"thereby":[55,218,257],"creating":[56],"potential":[57],"threats":[58],"MNEs\u2019":[60,87],"group-wide":[61],"reputation.":[62],"Although":[63],"external":[64,84,109,156,210,250],"stakeholder":[65,251],"monitoring":[66,85,154],"is":[67],"widely":[68],"recognized,":[69],"most":[70],"studies":[71],"adopt":[72],"static,":[73],"dyadic":[74],"perspectives":[75,261],"thus":[77],"rarely":[78],"examine":[79],"dynamic":[81],"interplay":[82],"governance.":[89],"To":[90],"address":[91],"this":[92,94,240],"gap,":[93],"study":[95,241],"constructs":[96],"tripartite":[98],"evolutionary":[99,114],"game":[100],"model":[101],"involving":[102],"company,":[105],"subsidiaries,":[107],"stakeholders,":[110],"systematically":[111],"analyzes":[112],"pathways":[115],"stability":[118],"their":[120],"strategic":[121],"interactions":[122],"uses":[124],"numerical":[125],"simulations":[126],"identify":[128],"conditions":[130],"system":[132],"equilibriums":[133],"influence":[136],"key":[138],"parameters.":[139],"The":[140],"findings":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that":[143],"moderate":[144],"incentives":[145],"penalties":[147],"active":[153],"stakeholders":[157,211],"significantly":[158],"promote":[159],"subsidiaries\u2019":[161],"adoption":[162],"CSR.":[165,230],"This":[166],"equilibrium":[167,224],"becomes":[168],"more":[169],"stable":[170],"when":[171],"benefits":[173],"increase":[177],"or":[178],"its":[179],"costs":[180],"decrease":[181],"subsidiaries.":[184],"excessive":[186],"incentive":[187,247],"expenditures":[188],"may":[189],"weaken":[190],"company\u2019s":[193],"willingness":[194],"implement":[196],"strict":[197,226],"supervision.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199],"information":[200,255],"synergies":[201],"collaborative":[203],"governance":[204,243],"reduce":[212],"cross-border":[213],"supervision":[214,227],"coordination":[216],"costs,":[217],"increasing":[219],"likelihood":[221],"an":[223],"with":[225],"By":[231],"moving":[232],"beyond":[233],"conventional":[234],"static":[235],"binary":[237],"analytical":[238],"frameworks,":[239],"proposes":[242],"pathways,":[244],"including":[245],"optimizing":[246],"mechanisms,":[248],"strengthening":[249],"monitoring,":[252],"fostering":[254],"synergies,":[256],"offering":[258],"new":[259],"theoretical":[260],"managerial":[263],"implications":[264],"understanding":[266],"evolution":[268],"behavior":[271],"in":[272],"MNEs.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}