{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413189420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080686","title":"Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Land Use Carbon Budget and Carbon Balance Capacity in Karst Mountainous Areas: A Case Study Using Social Network Analysis","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Land Use Carbon Budget and Carbon Balance Capacity in Karst Mountainous Areas: A Case Study Using Social Network Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413189420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080686","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/686/pdf?version=1754997280","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/686/pdf?version=1754997280","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427457","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4067-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170172562","display_name":"Guizhou University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02sw6yz40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4067-3322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiayi Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170172562","display_name":"Guizhou University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02sw6yz40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongli Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170172562","display_name":"Guizhou University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02sw6yz40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongli Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021405510","display_name":"Wenjin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-1900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116001","display_name":"Guiyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/025edj240","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116001"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaxi District Bureau of Natural Resources, Guiyang 550025, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaxi District Bureau of Natural Resources, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100427457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170172562"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.7408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84834864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"686","last_page":"686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9362000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karst","display_name":"Karst","score":0.8114076852798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.6794215440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.667752206325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4861893057823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.478101909160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.3733379542827606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3565617799758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35266757011413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.3461589515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19475173950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14892801642417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13274505734443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.11785706877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.0795975923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06147697567939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.05999550223350525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182348080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16817","display_name":"Karst","level":2,"score":0.8114076852798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.6794215440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.667752206325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4861893057823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.478101909160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3733379542827606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3565617799758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35266757011413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3461589515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19475173950195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14892801642417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13274505734443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.11785706877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0795975923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06147697567939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.05999550223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080686","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/686/pdf?version=1754997280","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9089af71536247988c6e171ee9c38ab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9089af71536247988c6e171ee9c38ab9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 686 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080686","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/686/pdf?version=1754997280","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8790488016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42462027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8967147723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024XSXMB19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321927","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324883","display_name":"Guizhou University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02sw6yz40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413189420.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413189420.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978710835","https://openalex.org/W1997500162","https://openalex.org/W2526748414","https://openalex.org/W2767030771","https://openalex.org/W2900195526","https://openalex.org/W2903001415","https://openalex.org/W2983166019","https://openalex.org/W3021400750","https://openalex.org/W3045784178","https://openalex.org/W3047065592","https://openalex.org/W3087748484","https://openalex.org/W3100991075","https://openalex.org/W3108941595","https://openalex.org/W3122941285","https://openalex.org/W3131863315","https://openalex.org/W3171952992","https://openalex.org/W3191244059","https://openalex.org/W3202731960","https://openalex.org/W3209657897","https://openalex.org/W3215785320","https://openalex.org/W4206099185","https://openalex.org/W4220912955","https://openalex.org/W4285384392","https://openalex.org/W4288045224","https://openalex.org/W4290973308","https://openalex.org/W4292429914","https://openalex.org/W4292492223","https://openalex.org/W4300962469","https://openalex.org/W4309427165","https://openalex.org/W4313278129","https://openalex.org/W4319871503","https://openalex.org/W4319926466","https://openalex.org/W4366281484","https://openalex.org/W4379056171","https://openalex.org/W4380852975","https://openalex.org/W4383721105","https://openalex.org/W4387195406","https://openalex.org/W4387199898","https://openalex.org/W4387458654","https://openalex.org/W4387473856","https://openalex.org/W4389210595","https://openalex.org/W4390379003","https://openalex.org/W4391451962","https://openalex.org/W4392180033","https://openalex.org/W4392644321","https://openalex.org/W4393942518","https://openalex.org/W4395049521","https://openalex.org/W4395682276","https://openalex.org/W4396646068","https://openalex.org/W4396893183","https://openalex.org/W4398220822","https://openalex.org/W4398236403","https://openalex.org/W4399321485","https://openalex.org/W4400339580","https://openalex.org/W4400673450","https://openalex.org/W4401827587","https://openalex.org/W4402666797","https://openalex.org/W4404634407","https://openalex.org/W4405319979","https://openalex.org/W4405391071","https://openalex.org/W4405734289","https://openalex.org/W4405737866","https://openalex.org/W4406320897","https://openalex.org/W4406389055","https://openalex.org/W4406596169","https://openalex.org/W4407218828","https://openalex.org/W4407358129","https://openalex.org/W4407852270","https://openalex.org/W4408392774","https://openalex.org/W4408830183","https://openalex.org/W4408856535","https://openalex.org/W4409258669","https://openalex.org/W4409348925","https://openalex.org/W4410410733","https://openalex.org/W6727980492","https://openalex.org/W6847271418","https://openalex.org/W6879047055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499541383","https://openalex.org/W2885263913","https://openalex.org/W2913278508","https://openalex.org/W2357848857","https://openalex.org/W2348500302","https://openalex.org/W2350995752","https://openalex.org/W2183320742","https://openalex.org/W2381856745","https://openalex.org/W3034795591","https://openalex.org/W2374809957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collaborative":[0],"carbon":[1,15,40,54,93,138,155],"regulation":[2],"in":[3,43,103,107,158],"Karst":[4],"mountains":[5],"critically":[6],"reconciles":[7],"socio-ecological":[8],"conflicts.":[9],"While":[10],"intercity":[11],"linkages":[12],"drive":[13],"spatial":[14,26,118],"heterogeneity,":[16,119],"prior":[17],"studies":[18],"have":[19],"focused":[20],"on":[21],"administrative-scale":[22],"accounting,":[23],"neglecting":[24],"systematic":[25],"association":[27],"network":[28],"(SAN)":[29],"analysis.":[30],"Integrating":[31],"SAN":[32],"and":[33,114],"geospatial":[34],"detector":[35],"models,":[36],"we":[37],"reveal":[38],"county-level":[39],"balance":[41,94],"dynamics":[42],"Guizhou,":[44],"China":[45],"(2000\u20132020).":[46],"The":[47],"key":[48],"findings":[49],"show":[50],"the":[51,82,104,108,144],"following:":[52],"provincial":[53],"emissions":[55],"rose":[56],"53%":[57],"(0.96":[58],"to":[59,70,81,148],"1.47":[60],"\u00d7":[61,72],"108":[62,73],"t)":[63],"against":[64],"a":[65],"15%":[66],"sequestration":[67,87],"decline":[68,146],"(0.67":[69],"0.57":[71],"t);":[74],"emission":[75],"networks":[76,88],"shifted":[77],"from":[78],"single-core":[79],"clustering":[80],"axial":[83],"Liupanshui\u2013Guiyang\u2013Tongren":[84],"corridor,":[85],"while":[86],"retained":[89],"peripheral":[90],"ecological":[91],"dominance;":[92],"capacity":[95],"(CBC)":[96],"exhibited":[97],"an":[98],"inverted":[99],"C-shaped":[100],"pattern":[101],"(higher":[102],"southeast,":[105],"lower":[106],"central\u2013west)":[109],"with":[110,120],"westward":[111],"centroid":[112],"migration;":[113],"electricity":[115],"consumption":[116],"dominated":[117],"synergistic":[121],"nighttime":[122],"light\u2013PM2.5":[123],"interactions":[124],"showing":[125],"strongest":[126],"nonlinear":[127],"enhancement.":[128],"Notably,":[129],"Jianhe":[130],"County":[131,142],"maintained":[132],"peak":[133],"CBC":[134],"(16.5)":[135],"via":[136],"forest":[137],"sinks,":[139],"whereas":[140],"Shiqian":[141],"suffered":[143],"steepest":[145],"due":[147],"industrial":[149],"encroachment.":[150],"This":[151],"work":[152],"pioneers":[153],"dynamic":[154],"coupling":[156],"analysis":[157],"fragile":[159],"ecosystems,":[160],"offering":[161],"transdisciplinary":[162],"tools":[163],"for":[164],"global":[165],"\u201cdual-carbon\u201d":[166],"governance.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}