{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411282546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060464","title":"The Systems Fusion Challenge: Intelligence vs. Manufacturing in Micro Smart Factories","display_name":"The Systems Fusion Challenge: Intelligence vs. Manufacturing in Micro Smart Factories","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411282546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/464/pdf?version=1749807519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/464/pdf?version=1749807519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084723558","display_name":"Yuran Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-6475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuran Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-6475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026417955","display_name":"Jiahui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8964-5027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China","School of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8964-5027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001638857","display_name":"Harm\u2010Jan Steenhuis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51380931","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Texarkana","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3z9745","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51380931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harm-Jan Steenhuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business, Engineering, and Technology, Texas A&M University-Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-6964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business, Engineering, and Technology, Texas A&M University-Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51380931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068880073","display_name":"Elmina Homapour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-2744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmina Homapour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-2744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084723558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.9829,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78035253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"464","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5048337578773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-manufacturing","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","score":0.42832237482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.3952588737010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3910488784313202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3120943605899811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5048337578773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988642114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25112020","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.42832237482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3952588737010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3910488784313202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3120943605899811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/464/pdf?version=1749807519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c01c2717300645f8b64326459b130d2a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c01c2717300645f8b64326459b130d2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 464 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/464/pdf?version=1749807519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723526718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L22BJY040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335472","funder_display_name":"Social Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335472","display_name":"Social Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411282546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411282546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968394671","https://openalex.org/W1974428936","https://openalex.org/W1994377424","https://openalex.org/W1998038496","https://openalex.org/W2017877116","https://openalex.org/W2037847695","https://openalex.org/W2065393477","https://openalex.org/W2070809301","https://openalex.org/W2076489445","https://openalex.org/W2092579166","https://openalex.org/W2120768150","https://openalex.org/W2132715024","https://openalex.org/W2529256613","https://openalex.org/W2538102286","https://openalex.org/W2602502783","https://openalex.org/W2726150804","https://openalex.org/W2771783069","https://openalex.org/W2790565721","https://openalex.org/W2797329846","https://openalex.org/W2803820765","https://openalex.org/W2887578088","https://openalex.org/W2896457522","https://openalex.org/W2931668334","https://openalex.org/W2942303736","https://openalex.org/W2944064310","https://openalex.org/W2955639607","https://openalex.org/W2958942505","https://openalex.org/W2995192713","https://openalex.org/W2997634825","https://openalex.org/W3001209355","https://openalex.org/W3017061806","https://openalex.org/W3018680660","https://openalex.org/W3029952103","https://openalex.org/W3057402443","https://openalex.org/W3078354728","https://openalex.org/W3081904177","https://openalex.org/W3092590021","https://openalex.org/W3098135604","https://openalex.org/W3131448699","https://openalex.org/W3135283788","https://openalex.org/W3136006134","https://openalex.org/W3193964213","https://openalex.org/W3197306743","https://openalex.org/W3198146118","https://openalex.org/W3210136539","https://openalex.org/W4206842293","https://openalex.org/W4210594083","https://openalex.org/W4224122286","https://openalex.org/W4229053254","https://openalex.org/W4234950923","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4285174558","https://openalex.org/W4285392322","https://openalex.org/W4295084000","https://openalex.org/W4297852842","https://openalex.org/W4303833150","https://openalex.org/W4312336592","https://openalex.org/W4328115616","https://openalex.org/W4360859106","https://openalex.org/W4377690837","https://openalex.org/W4391953359","https://openalex.org/W4394691898","https://openalex.org/W4403310275","https://openalex.org/W4404039349","https://openalex.org/W6800443432","https://openalex.org/W6801160292","https://openalex.org/W6847954198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W3013410248","https://openalex.org/W2910904538","https://openalex.org/W3092604565","https://openalex.org/W4214836412","https://openalex.org/W2770239401","https://openalex.org/W2907002303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Micro":[0],"smart":[1,16],"factories":[2],"(MSFs)":[3],"represent":[4],"a":[5,32,57],"new":[6],"way":[7],"for":[8,154],"small":[9],"and":[10,19,43,66,86,100,109,112,118,137],"medium-sized":[11],"enterprises":[12],"(SMEs)":[13],"to":[14,78],"build":[15],"factories.":[17],"Intelligence":[18],"manufacturing":[20,44,67,119,146,159],"are":[21],"two":[22],"important":[23],"dimensions":[24,64,68],"of":[25,41,61,70,83,91,107,116,128,132,141,157],"intelligent":[26,145,158],"manufacturing.":[27],"However,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,120,135,147],"still":[31],"gap":[33],"in":[34,45,54,105,124,144],"the":[35,38,62,80,84,89,114,125,130,138,155],"research":[36],"on":[37,48],"coordinated":[39],"development":[40,81,115,156],"intelligence":[42,63,117],"MSF.":[46],"Based":[47],"survey":[49],"data":[50],"from":[51],"93":[52],"SMEs":[53,150],"Liaoning":[55],"Province,":[56],"dynamic":[58],"coupling":[59,92],"model":[60],"(ID)":[65],"(MD)":[69],"MSF":[71],"was":[72,76],"constructed.":[73],"Stock":[74],"increment":[75],"used":[77],"simulate":[79],"level":[82],"fusion":[85],"dynamically":[87],"evaluate":[88],"degree":[90],"coordination.":[93],"The":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97,113],"both":[98],"ID":[99],"MD":[101],"have":[102],"different":[103],"advantages":[104],"terms":[106],"stock":[108,133],"incremental":[110,142],"resources,":[111],"imbalanced.":[121],"In":[122],"addition,":[123],"transformation":[126],"process":[127],"SMEs,":[129],"impact":[131],"factors":[134,143],"significant":[136],"driving":[139],"force":[140],"insufficient.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"lack":[151],"comprehensive":[152],"planning":[153],"processes.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
