{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410597157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060399","title":"Exploring the Conditional ESG Payoff of AI Adoption: The Roles of Learning Capability, Digital TMT, and Operational Slack","display_name":"Exploring the Conditional ESG Payoff of AI Adoption: The Roles of Learning Capability, Digital TMT, and Operational Slack","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410597157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/399/pdf?version=1747920132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/399/pdf?version=1747920132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049038589","display_name":"Linlin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-9469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64427410","display_name":"Hong Kong Shue Yan University","ror":"https://ror.org/023t8mt09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64427410"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Administration Department, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong 999077, China","Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-9469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Administration Department, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64427410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112582234","display_name":"Xiaohong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-0715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112582234","display_name":"Xiaohong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-0715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117635317","display_name":"Liqing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-905X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China","Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-905X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhaoxuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6619-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6619-8413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xue Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xue Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112582234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434","https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":4.5766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94305383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"399","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14260","display_name":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","score":0.4977000057697296,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14260","display_name":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","score":0.4977000057697296,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.6569024920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.455061674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39288175106048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.23536747694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1440105438232422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.6569024920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.455061674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39288175106048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23536747694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1440105438232422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/399/pdf?version=1747920132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:678193ea52374a6aa4a9ce08a1e313b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/678193ea52374a6aa4a9ce08a1e313b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 399 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13060399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13060399","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/399/pdf?version=1747920132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410597157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410597157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909123760","https://openalex.org/W1973033485","https://openalex.org/W1985647006","https://openalex.org/W1990054102","https://openalex.org/W1990335673","https://openalex.org/W1998324099","https://openalex.org/W2006332974","https://openalex.org/W2042628596","https://openalex.org/W2045836274","https://openalex.org/W2046989664","https://openalex.org/W2069244589","https://openalex.org/W2106547969","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2121719297","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2125627120","https://openalex.org/W2129332419","https://openalex.org/W2144696435","https://openalex.org/W2148060162","https://openalex.org/W2156576580","https://openalex.org/W2169667133","https://openalex.org/W2483540831","https://openalex.org/W2528358288","https://openalex.org/W2588234720","https://openalex.org/W2593257256","https://openalex.org/W2738025260","https://openalex.org/W2744395095","https://openalex.org/W2760373174","https://openalex.org/W2801368613","https://openalex.org/W2904649625","https://openalex.org/W2943996298","https://openalex.org/W2996682392","https://openalex.org/W3015634277","https://openalex.org/W3024048126","https://openalex.org/W3031260447","https://openalex.org/W3037908001","https://openalex.org/W3116890626","https://openalex.org/W3120783657","https://openalex.org/W3121953586","https://openalex.org/W3123511825","https://openalex.org/W3123640796","https://openalex.org/W3124883584","https://openalex.org/W3127606983","https://openalex.org/W3156793003","https://openalex.org/W3169180612","https://openalex.org/W3214897310","https://openalex.org/W4207030172","https://openalex.org/W4210606654","https://openalex.org/W4214682321","https://openalex.org/W4214867578","https://openalex.org/W4220841852","https://openalex.org/W4220845654","https://openalex.org/W4220889533","https://openalex.org/W4243292163","https://openalex.org/W4243468350","https://openalex.org/W4247184660","https://openalex.org/W4283754631","https://openalex.org/W4284664530","https://openalex.org/W4309029199","https://openalex.org/W4309455784","https://openalex.org/W4309634383","https://openalex.org/W4361020154","https://openalex.org/W4367052667","https://openalex.org/W4379618047","https://openalex.org/W4384067902","https://openalex.org/W4386898318","https://openalex.org/W4387782496","https://openalex.org/W4388915195","https://openalex.org/W4389925178","https://openalex.org/W4390232559","https://openalex.org/W4390236512","https://openalex.org/W4396588400","https://openalex.org/W4399110610","https://openalex.org/W4399666387","https://openalex.org/W4400391108","https://openalex.org/W4400531538","https://openalex.org/W4403534506","https://openalex.org/W4403541360","https://openalex.org/W4405693029","https://openalex.org/W4406849011","https://openalex.org/W4406963506","https://openalex.org/W4407852368","https://openalex.org/W6608229266","https://openalex.org/W6761753744","https://openalex.org/W6767045735","https://openalex.org/W6776568026","https://openalex.org/W6785353372","https://openalex.org/W6798280728","https://openalex.org/W6809099720","https://openalex.org/W6849685381","https://openalex.org/W6853014494","https://openalex.org/W6860573553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"many":[1],"organizations":[2],"are":[3,25],"increasingly":[4],"willing":[5],"to":[6,11,42,48,54,187],"adopt":[7],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"support":[12],"strategic":[13],"objectives":[14],"such":[15,23],"as":[16],"sustainable":[17],"development,":[18],"the":[19,34,68,77,167,174],"ESG":[20,43,56,74,110,144,178,192],"benefits":[21],"of":[22,80,177],"adoption":[24,40,52,72,100,139],"not":[26],"consistently":[27],"realized":[28],"across":[29],"firms.":[30],"This":[31,45],"study":[32,46,116],"investigates":[33],"boundary":[35,62],"conditions":[36],"under":[37],"which":[38],"AI":[39,51,71,99,138,189],"contributes":[41,53],"performance.":[44,145],"aims":[47],"investigate":[49],"when":[50],"enhanced":[55],"outcomes":[57,179],"by":[58,97,152,161,172],"examining":[59],"key":[60],"organizational":[61],"conditions.":[63],"Specifically,":[64],"it":[65],"addresses":[66],"(1)":[67],"association":[69],"between":[70,130],"and":[73,89,109,132,155,180],"performance,":[75],"(2)":[76],"moderating":[78],"roles":[79],"learning":[81,157],"capability,":[82],"digital":[83,153],"top":[84],"management":[85],"team":[86],"(digital":[87],"TMT),":[88],"operational":[90,162],"slack.":[91,163],"Using":[92],"a":[93],"unique":[94],"dataset":[95],"constructed":[96],"integrating":[98],"announcements":[101],"extracted":[102],"through":[103],"natural":[104],"language":[105],"processing":[106],"from":[107,113,121],"Factiva":[108],"scores":[111],"obtained":[112],"Bloomberg,":[114],"this":[115,147],"analyzes":[117],"8469":[118],"firm-year":[119],"observations":[120],"941":[122],"publicly":[123],"listed":[124],"manufacturing":[125],"firms":[126,185],"in":[127],"North":[128],"America":[129],"2015":[131],"2022.":[133],"The":[134],"results":[135],"reveal":[136],"that":[137],"is":[140,150],"positively":[141],"associated":[142],"with":[143,191],"Moreover,":[146],"positive":[148],"effect":[149],"amplified":[151],"TMTs":[154],"strong":[156],"capabilities,":[158],"but":[159],"weakened":[160],"These":[164],"findings":[165],"enrich":[166],"literature":[168],"on":[169],"AI-enabled":[170],"sustainability":[171],"highlighting":[173],"contingent":[175],"nature":[176],"offers":[181],"managerial":[182],"insights":[183],"for":[184],"seeking":[186],"align":[188],"strategies":[190],"objectives.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
