{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409228572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261","title":"Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study","display_name":"Understanding Electric Bike Accidents Through Safe System Approach in Guangzhou, China: A Mixed-Methods Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409228572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089595790","display_name":"Bicen Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bicen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073054123","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-4140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-4140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341210","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-676X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089595790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.7298,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91854637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"261","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5605425834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3944082260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3542255759239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32193756103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20549416542053223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5605425834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3944082260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3542255759239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32193756103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20549416542053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3af0d21962fa40a7809f9da6b8bcc0a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3af0d21962fa40a7809f9da6b8bcc0a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 261 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2020456614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1212060029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20000430","https://openalex.org/W24342490","https://openalex.org/W271680779","https://openalex.org/W1480435687","https://openalex.org/W1630317088","https://openalex.org/W1965520043","https://openalex.org/W1966306173","https://openalex.org/W1967555759","https://openalex.org/W1989294676","https://openalex.org/W2000936485","https://openalex.org/W2020618729","https://openalex.org/W2031039133","https://openalex.org/W2039132034","https://openalex.org/W2045789359","https://openalex.org/W2047684278","https://openalex.org/W2061827979","https://openalex.org/W2061914364","https://openalex.org/W2062195473","https://openalex.org/W2067902027","https://openalex.org/W2073977492","https://openalex.org/W2087654608","https://openalex.org/W2090040165","https://openalex.org/W2099816914","https://openalex.org/W2134342959","https://openalex.org/W2134732423","https://openalex.org/W2141445557","https://openalex.org/W2141717048","https://openalex.org/W2145321034","https://openalex.org/W2150123748","https://openalex.org/W2157058319","https://openalex.org/W2195996359","https://openalex.org/W2198346408","https://openalex.org/W2275029536","https://openalex.org/W2275576052","https://openalex.org/W2304402689","https://openalex.org/W2406650357","https://openalex.org/W2489370540","https://openalex.org/W2537355747","https://openalex.org/W2553084167","https://openalex.org/W2613875874","https://openalex.org/W2773336399","https://openalex.org/W2784073865","https://openalex.org/W2801240420","https://openalex.org/W2809406157","https://openalex.org/W2884989215","https://openalex.org/W2897771562","https://openalex.org/W2904608039","https://openalex.org/W2925394162","https://openalex.org/W2949660340","https://openalex.org/W2954349683","https://openalex.org/W2984439136","https://openalex.org/W2995817650","https://openalex.org/W3001667957","https://openalex.org/W3007298308","https://openalex.org/W3007731356","https://openalex.org/W3010527511","https://openalex.org/W3010741142","https://openalex.org/W3016827071","https://openalex.org/W3083309169","https://openalex.org/W3110515465","https://openalex.org/W3176634949","https://openalex.org/W3183792270","https://openalex.org/W3194040749","https://openalex.org/W3200475960","https://openalex.org/W3204817272","https://openalex.org/W3216107535","https://openalex.org/W4200353516","https://openalex.org/W4223476621","https://openalex.org/W4280612333","https://openalex.org/W4283718118","https://openalex.org/W4285129984","https://openalex.org/W4321225479","https://openalex.org/W4321506254","https://openalex.org/W4322618509","https://openalex.org/W4384922896","https://openalex.org/W4387822424","https://openalex.org/W4389280040","https://openalex.org/W4391722911","https://openalex.org/W4392264375","https://openalex.org/W4394964701","https://openalex.org/W4400017259","https://openalex.org/W4403269323","https://openalex.org/W4405220262","https://openalex.org/W4405995590","https://openalex.org/W6694511734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350270224","https://openalex.org/W2354620178","https://openalex.org/W600967366","https://openalex.org/W4403952488","https://openalex.org/W2383989146","https://openalex.org/W2351486628","https://openalex.org/W2390481881","https://openalex.org/W2791039681","https://openalex.org/W2329255431","https://openalex.org/W2276234942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"bike":[1],"(e-bike)":[2],"accidents":[3,28,144],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,116],"a":[7,16,60,65,97,176,201],"significant":[8],"road":[9,140],"safety":[10,40,124,204],"concern":[11],"in":[12,95,163,220],"recent":[13],"years.":[14],"Employing":[15],"mixed-methods":[17],"approach,":[18],"this":[19,113],"study":[20,91,114,234],"seeks":[21],"to":[22,30,48,76,167,187,197,227,236],"elucidate":[23],"the":[24,88,150,168,178,188,192,237],"mechanisms":[25],"underlying":[26],"e-bike":[27,33,39,123,246],"and":[29,41,52,73,106,131,138,182,210,223,229],"develop":[31],"an":[32,56,101,245],"safe":[34,120,151,198,216,247],"system":[35,121],"aimed":[36],"at":[37],"enhancing":[38],"accident":[42,62,241],"prevention.":[43],"Quantitative":[44],"analysis":[45],"was":[46,92],"employed":[47],"identify":[49],"key":[50,110],"components":[51,86,184],"their":[53],"relationships":[54],"through":[55],"event-based":[57],"examination":[58],"of":[59,104,112,122,149,155,203,240],"structured":[61],"dataset":[63],"using":[64],"Bayesian":[66],"network.":[67],"Complementing":[68],"this,":[69],"qualitative":[70],"methods\u2014including":[71],"observations":[72],"interviews\u2014were":[74],"conducted":[75],"gain":[77],"deeper":[78],"insights":[79],"into":[80],"how":[81],"riders":[82,181],"interact":[83],"with":[84,100,215],"other":[85,139,159,183],"within":[87],"system.":[89,152,248],"This":[90,233],"carried":[93],"out":[94],"Guangzhou,":[96],"metropolitan":[98],"city":[99],"increasing":[102],"use":[103],"e-bikes":[105],"e-bike-related":[107],"accidents.":[108,189],"The":[109,119,153],"findings":[111],"are":[115],"follows:":[117],"1.":[118],"comprises":[125],"critical":[126],"components,":[127,160],"including":[128],"infrastructure":[129],"(roads":[130],"facilities),":[132],"e-bikes,":[133],"riding":[134,199,217,231],"behavior,":[135],"individual":[136,193],"riders,":[137],"users.":[141],"2.":[142],"E-bike":[143],"predominantly":[145],"result":[146],"from":[147],"dysfunctions":[148],"alteration":[154],"one":[156],"component":[157],"influences":[158],"which":[161],"may,":[162],"turn,":[164],"provide":[165],"feedback":[166],"original":[169],"component.":[170],"3.":[171],"While":[172],"riders\u2019":[173],"mistakes":[174],"play":[175],"role,":[177],"interactions":[179],"between":[180],"also":[185],"contribute":[186,226],"4.":[190],"At":[191],"rider":[194],"level,":[195],"barriers":[196],"include":[200],"lack":[202],"knowledge,":[205],"low":[206],"penalties":[207],"for":[208],"violations,":[209],"high":[211],"opportunity":[212],"costs":[213],"associated":[214],"behaviors.":[218],"Deficiencies":[219],"infrastructure,":[221],"regulations,":[222],"law":[224],"enforcement":[225],"violations":[228],"risky":[230],"practices.":[232],"contributes":[235],"current":[238],"body":[239],"studies":[242],"by":[243],"developing":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}