{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409010281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240","title":"Multi-Stage Simulation of Residents\u2019 Disaster Risk Perception and Decision-Making Behavior: An Exploratory Study on Large Language Model-Driven Social\u2013Cognitive Agent Framework","display_name":"Multi-Stage Simulation of Residents\u2019 Disaster Risk Perception and Decision-Making Behavior: An Exploratory Study on Large Language Model-Driven Social\u2013Cognitive Agent Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409010281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022633685","display_name":"Xinjie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-4699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3062-3534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3062-3534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113136103","display_name":"Chengxiao Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxiao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiacheng Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9584-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9584-1810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102839505","display_name":"Kaixin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7253-7664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Cyber Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Cyber Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078923410","display_name":"Zhihua Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6636-8203"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6636-8203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fanying Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanying Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aulin, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aulin, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029696124","display_name":"Shiyun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019596676","display_name":"So Morikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"So Morikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019596676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":18.2523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99055147,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"240","last_page":"240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14222","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Technology","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5812394618988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5621950626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5547265410423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"Risk perception","score":0.5228539109230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.5071523189544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.44998571276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.36564910411834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35851579904556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3213185667991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12928476929664612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5812394618988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5621950626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5547265410423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.5228539109230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5071523189544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44998571276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.36564910411834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35851579904556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3213185667991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12928476929664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8079a5a15d944c76b0d819f29cac5fd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8079a5a15d944c76b0d819f29cac5fd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 240 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1673714171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20CSH089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170220905","https://openalex.org/W255593144","https://openalex.org/W1510672157","https://openalex.org/W1517229207","https://openalex.org/W1906489288","https://openalex.org/W1946244625","https://openalex.org/W1950669244","https://openalex.org/W1983311293","https://openalex.org/W1999701291","https://openalex.org/W2024574665","https://openalex.org/W2040158707","https://openalex.org/W2065571674","https://openalex.org/W2074062646","https://openalex.org/W2082394295","https://openalex.org/W2094021197","https://openalex.org/W2095823787","https://openalex.org/W2096563449","https://openalex.org/W2104310414","https://openalex.org/W2110223897","https://openalex.org/W2114731735","https://openalex.org/W2116111995","https://openalex.org/W2154130470","https://openalex.org/W2346413356","https://openalex.org/W2396633254","https://openalex.org/W2486898625","https://openalex.org/W2520002138","https://openalex.org/W2595741287","https://openalex.org/W2758859316","https://openalex.org/W2759121147","https://openalex.org/W2766533571","https://openalex.org/W2788598761","https://openalex.org/W2791951997","https://openalex.org/W2907028664","https://openalex.org/W2909244180","https://openalex.org/W2932986679","https://openalex.org/W2940531412","https://openalex.org/W2949418167","https://openalex.org/W2971726935","https://openalex.org/W2986988144","https://openalex.org/W2994646821","https://openalex.org/W3013514069","https://openalex.org/W3047898813","https://openalex.org/W3088236174","https://openalex.org/W3099633911","https://openalex.org/W3121286888","https://openalex.org/W3125618557","https://openalex.org/W3125913709","https://openalex.org/W3127611902","https://openalex.org/W3128357329","https://openalex.org/W3131942157","https://openalex.org/W3152804902","https://openalex.org/W4221044382","https://openalex.org/W4232709978","https://openalex.org/W4239107822","https://openalex.org/W4281397931","https://openalex.org/W4301958211","https://openalex.org/W4313576219","https://openalex.org/W4317702569","https://openalex.org/W4363671832","https://openalex.org/W4378188536","https://openalex.org/W4388454286","https://openalex.org/W4388744821","https://openalex.org/W4388845238","https://openalex.org/W4389636360","https://openalex.org/W4392710199","https://openalex.org/W4399361416","https://openalex.org/W4399391136","https://openalex.org/W4400118952","https://openalex.org/W4401260342","https://openalex.org/W4402671875","https://openalex.org/W4402901320","https://openalex.org/W4403880476","https://openalex.org/W6734792074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329386257","https://openalex.org/W2503350049","https://openalex.org/W2397616145","https://openalex.org/W2397320258","https://openalex.org/W4324058133","https://openalex.org/W648618910","https://openalex.org/W4393624937","https://openalex.org/W4296658948","https://openalex.org/W3167355683","https://openalex.org/W2326994841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"escalating":[1],"frequency":[2],"and":[3,18,21,34,45,96,111,122,131,175,180,187,203,220,230,254],"complexity":[4],"of":[5,67,104,116,217,241],"natural":[6],"disasters":[7],"highlight":[8],"the":[9,63,102,168,192,197,239],"urgent":[10],"need":[11,198],"for":[12,49,199,211,250],"deeper":[13],"insights":[14],"into":[15],"how":[16,117],"individuals":[17],"communities":[19],"perceive":[20],"respond":[22],"to":[23,57,126,170,182],"risk":[24,218],"information.":[25],"Yet,":[26],"conventional":[27],"research":[28,235],"methods\u2014such":[29],"as":[30,196],"surveys,":[31],"laboratory":[32],"experiments,":[33],"field":[35],"observations\u2014often":[36],"struggle":[37],"with":[38,89,150],"limited":[39],"sample":[40],"sizes,":[41],"external":[42],"validity":[43,179],"concerns,":[44],"difficulties":[46],"in":[47],"controlling":[48],"confounding":[50],"variables.":[51],"These":[52],"constraints":[53],"hinder":[54],"our":[55,206],"ability":[56],"develop":[58],"comprehensive":[59],"models":[60],"that":[61,81],"capture":[62],"dynamic,":[64],"context-sensitive":[65,253],"nature":[66],"disaster":[68,133,185,256],"decision-making.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"these":[72],"challenges,":[73],"we":[74,158],"present":[75],"a":[76,113,209],"novel":[77],"multi-stage":[78],"simulation":[79,103,244],"framework":[80,100,207],"integrates":[82],"Large":[83],"Language":[84],"Model":[85],"(LLM)-driven":[86],"social\u2013cognitive":[87],"agents":[88],"well-established":[90],"theoretical":[91],"perspectives":[92],"from":[93],"psychology,":[94],"sociology,":[95],"decision":[97],"science.":[98],"This":[99],"enables":[101],"three":[105],"critical":[106],"phases\u2014information":[107],"perception,":[108],"cognitive":[109],"processing,":[110],"decision-making\u2014providing":[112],"granular":[114],"analysis":[115],"demographic":[118],"attributes,":[119],"situational":[120],"factors,":[121],"social":[123,243],"influences":[124],"interact":[125],"shape":[127],"behavior":[128],"under":[129],"uncertain":[130],"evolving":[132],"conditions.":[134],"A":[135],"case":[136],"study":[137],"focusing":[138],"on":[139],"pre-disaster":[140],"preventive":[141],"measures":[142],"demonstrates":[143],"its":[144],"effectiveness.":[145],"By":[146,223],"aligning":[147],"agent":[148],"demographics":[149],"real-world":[151],"survey":[152],"data":[153],"across":[154],"5864":[155],"simulated":[156],"scenarios,":[157],"reveal":[159],"nuanced":[160],"behavioral":[161],"patterns":[162],"closely":[163],"mirroring":[164],"human":[165],"responses,":[166],"underscoring":[167],"potential":[169],"overcome":[171],"longstanding":[172],"methodological":[173],"limitations":[174],"offer":[176],"improved":[177],"ecological":[178],"flexibility":[181],"explore":[183],"diverse":[184],"environments":[186],"policy":[188],"interventions.":[189],"While":[190],"acknowledging":[191],"current":[193],"constraints,":[194],"such":[195],"enhanced":[200],"emotional":[201],"modeling":[202],"multimodal":[204],"inputs,":[205],"lays":[208],"foundation":[210],"more":[212,252],"nuanced,":[213],"empirically":[214],"grounded":[215],"analyses":[216],"perception":[219],"response":[221],"patterns.":[222],"seamlessly":[224],"blending":[225],"theory,":[226],"advanced":[227],"LLM":[228],"capabilities,":[229],"empirical":[231],"alignment":[232],"strategies,":[233],"this":[234],"not":[236],"only":[237],"advances":[238],"state":[240],"computational":[242],"but":[245],"also":[246],"provides":[247],"valuable":[248],"guidance":[249],"developing":[251],"targeted":[255],"management":[257],"strategies.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}