{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409003153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040239","title":"Integrating Carbon Tax and Subsidies: An Evolutionary Game Theory-Based Shore Power Promotional Strategy Analysis","display_name":"Integrating Carbon Tax and Subsidies: An Evolutionary Game Theory-Based Shore Power Promotional Strategy Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409003153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040239","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/239/pdf?version=1743411984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/239/pdf?version=1743411984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053689508","display_name":"T Y Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4452-0281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078133406","display_name":"Cheng Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066276799","display_name":"Toma\u017e Kramberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7656-5444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomaz Kramberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Logistics, University of Maribor, 3000 Celje, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Logistics, University of Maribor, 3000 Celje, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034073604","display_name":"Yuhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-747X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-747X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034073604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.5939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79983062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"239","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidy","display_name":"Subsidy","score":0.8016502857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax","display_name":"Carbon tax","score":0.7411282062530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5417322516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore","display_name":"Shore","score":0.5340375304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.5329578518867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-game-theory","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","score":0.5075622797012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46690279245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.44207873940467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.42045992612838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4138648211956024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3922172486782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-economics","display_name":"Natural resource economics","score":0.3584260940551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.33151423931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3229614496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.30121511220932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery","display_name":"Fishery","score":0.22700747847557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.18497732281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-economy","display_name":"Market economy","score":0.13251015543937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08222219347953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.07637861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.07315307855606079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.8016502857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288401","display_name":"Carbon tax","level":3,"score":0.7411282062530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5417322516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.5340375304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5329578518867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298789","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","level":3,"score":0.5075622797012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46690279245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44207873940467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.42045992612838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4138648211956024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3922172486782074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3584260940551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33151423931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3229614496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.30121511220932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.22700747847557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18497732281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13251015543937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08222219347953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.07637861371040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.07315307855606079}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040239","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/239/pdf?version=1743411984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b08e23901d28420fb059c673f63cbff7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b08e23901d28420fb059c673f63cbff7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 239 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040239","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/239/pdf?version=1743411984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409003153.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585976314","https://openalex.org/W952839771","https://openalex.org/W1778121967","https://openalex.org/W1970883147","https://openalex.org/W1976276107","https://openalex.org/W1993346001","https://openalex.org/W2017145042","https://openalex.org/W2109150831","https://openalex.org/W2124537363","https://openalex.org/W2127977748","https://openalex.org/W2136559213","https://openalex.org/W2149206467","https://openalex.org/W2464023527","https://openalex.org/W2616890304","https://openalex.org/W2793409114","https://openalex.org/W2885654395","https://openalex.org/W2889272686","https://openalex.org/W2892306448","https://openalex.org/W2901379174","https://openalex.org/W2913553853","https://openalex.org/W2961989711","https://openalex.org/W2972741846","https://openalex.org/W2988533513","https://openalex.org/W2989582253","https://openalex.org/W3008913548","https://openalex.org/W3009075280","https://openalex.org/W3012653983","https://openalex.org/W3036767906","https://openalex.org/W3070193819","https://openalex.org/W3082597572","https://openalex.org/W3085565031","https://openalex.org/W3112368928","https://openalex.org/W3119249207","https://openalex.org/W3122517933","https://openalex.org/W3122534997","https://openalex.org/W3123598766","https://openalex.org/W3123785636","https://openalex.org/W3123883781","https://openalex.org/W3184810340","https://openalex.org/W3186473871","https://openalex.org/W3201208426","https://openalex.org/W3206694125","https://openalex.org/W3209639183","https://openalex.org/W3210213020","https://openalex.org/W4206989606","https://openalex.org/W4223493897","https://openalex.org/W4223641548","https://openalex.org/W4280541368","https://openalex.org/W4289516293","https://openalex.org/W4293761431","https://openalex.org/W4319987599","https://openalex.org/W4367399348","https://openalex.org/W4382358215","https://openalex.org/W4382863138","https://openalex.org/W4385753129","https://openalex.org/W4400345391","https://openalex.org/W6638100851","https://openalex.org/W6654744021","https://openalex.org/W6676494212","https://openalex.org/W6682295209","https://openalex.org/W6801463472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312141693","https://openalex.org/W1969185016","https://openalex.org/W1536009559","https://openalex.org/W2103821767","https://openalex.org/W2037619003","https://openalex.org/W2111030377","https://openalex.org/W2388808575","https://openalex.org/W2505734641","https://openalex.org/W2131463044","https://openalex.org/W1517741531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shore":[0],"power":[1],"represents":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,84,97,113,139,166,176],"the":[5,9,13,20,81,95,110,136,143,155,163,177],"principal":[6],"solutions":[7],"for":[8,135],"green":[10],"transformation":[11],"within":[12,158],"port":[14,48],"industry.":[15],"It":[16],"significantly":[17],"aids":[18,152],"in":[19,22,31,60,72,153],"reduction":[21],"carbon":[23,117,131],"emissions":[24],"from":[25],"vessels":[26],"while":[27],"they":[28],"are":[29,89,106],"berthed":[30],"port,":[32],"yet":[33],"often":[34],"necessitates":[35],"an":[36],"effective":[37],"promotional":[38],"strategy":[39,98,151],"to":[40,79,93,108],"foster":[41],"its":[42],"installation":[43],"and":[44,52,91,116,148],"utilization.":[45],"Stakeholders":[46],"including":[47],"authorities,":[49],"ship":[50,167],"operators,":[51],"local":[53],"governments":[54],"all":[55],"play":[56],"a":[57,67,75,127,130,145,170],"crucial":[58],"role":[59],"achieving":[61],"this":[62,101,159],"objective.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"employs":[66],"tripartite":[68],"evolutionary":[69,82],"game":[70,160],"model":[71,78],"conjunction":[73],"with":[74],"system":[76],"dynamics":[77,96],"investigate":[80],"responses":[83],"stakeholders":[85],"when":[86],"policy":[87],"tools":[88],"applied,":[90],"consequently,":[92],"elucidate":[94],"effectiveness.":[99],"In":[100],"context,":[102],"six":[103],"business":[104],"scenarios":[105],"developed":[107],"ascertain":[109],"potential":[111],"impacts":[112],"implementing":[114],"subsidies":[115],"taxes.":[118],"The":[119],"findings":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"that":[122,175],"any":[123],"singular":[124],"strategy,":[125],"whether":[126],"subsidy":[128],"or":[129],"tax,":[132],"is":[133],"inadequate":[134],"successful":[137],"advancement":[138],"shore":[140],"power;":[141],"on":[142],"contrary,":[144],"government-led,":[146],"integrated,":[147],"dynamic":[149],"reward\u2013punishment":[150],"stabilizing":[154],"inherent":[156],"fluctuations":[157],"process.":[161],"Moreover,":[162],"initial":[164],"willingness":[165],"operators":[168],"exerts":[169],"considerably":[171],"greater":[172],"influence":[173],"than":[174],"other":[178],"two":[179],"stakeholders.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}