{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408998260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040237","title":"Sustainable Operations: Risk Evolution and Diversification Strategies Throughout the Lifecycle of Wind Energy Public\u2013Private Partnership Projects","display_name":"Sustainable Operations: Risk Evolution and Diversification Strategies Throughout the Lifecycle of Wind Energy Public\u2013Private Partnership Projects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408998260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040237","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/237/pdf?version=1743321818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/237/pdf?version=1743321818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109774392","display_name":"Rongji Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongji Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8136-1663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062894350","display_name":"Shiying Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677397","display_name":"Yinglin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-8897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinglin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Public Administration and Law, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Public Administration and Law, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100677397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":3.8605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92622721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"237","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13689","display_name":"Underground infrastructure and sustainability","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.8534157276153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-partnership","display_name":"General partnership","score":0.6493704319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6141013503074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public\u2013private-partnership","display_name":"Public\u2013private partnership","score":0.5902796983718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4763524532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-energy","display_name":"Sustainable energy","score":0.4626657962799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3884125351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.32615137100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2290457785129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.22402876615524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2070784568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2042379081249237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17883974313735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12185657024383545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.8534157276153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.6493704319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6141013503074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776553905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221096","display_name":"Public\u2013private partnership","level":3,"score":0.5902796983718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4763524532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982926626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Sustainable energy","level":3,"score":0.4626657962799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3884125351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32615137100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2290457785129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.22402876615524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2070784568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2042379081249237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17883974313735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12185657024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040237","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/237/pdf?version=1743321818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d01f1616664148f0ad2966366cc20fd6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d01f1616664148f0ad2966366cc20fd6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 237 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040237","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/4/237/pdf?version=1743321818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3548368565","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684PPP\u9879\u76ee\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6563\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71901068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408998260.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507694720","https://openalex.org/W1600663345","https://openalex.org/W1965528014","https://openalex.org/W1970839222","https://openalex.org/W1997646129","https://openalex.org/W2029874288","https://openalex.org/W2045277321","https://openalex.org/W2050600436","https://openalex.org/W2075498720","https://openalex.org/W2122708627","https://openalex.org/W2124672616","https://openalex.org/W2188344324","https://openalex.org/W2251084524","https://openalex.org/W2272905257","https://openalex.org/W2290206121","https://openalex.org/W2313349352","https://openalex.org/W2400981712","https://openalex.org/W2556112316","https://openalex.org/W2573419823","https://openalex.org/W2591006127","https://openalex.org/W2612396546","https://openalex.org/W2616755343","https://openalex.org/W2800117957","https://openalex.org/W2803514589","https://openalex.org/W2804502181","https://openalex.org/W2892880399","https://openalex.org/W2894825556","https://openalex.org/W2896457867","https://openalex.org/W2900897433","https://openalex.org/W2928365260","https://openalex.org/W2946793736","https://openalex.org/W2978646645","https://openalex.org/W3002551531","https://openalex.org/W3010834022","https://openalex.org/W3011595391","https://openalex.org/W3013302614","https://openalex.org/W3020928898","https://openalex.org/W3022575795","https://openalex.org/W3039921397","https://openalex.org/W3042692031","https://openalex.org/W3106410473","https://openalex.org/W3111390905","https://openalex.org/W3115133641","https://openalex.org/W3121251546","https://openalex.org/W3123862212","https://openalex.org/W3129908055","https://openalex.org/W3160685529","https://openalex.org/W3172088194","https://openalex.org/W3175274733","https://openalex.org/W3179190174","https://openalex.org/W3179343401","https://openalex.org/W3199445009","https://openalex.org/W3203942938","https://openalex.org/W3204610036","https://openalex.org/W4200047383","https://openalex.org/W4200243289","https://openalex.org/W4205598490","https://openalex.org/W4210432987","https://openalex.org/W4214481902","https://openalex.org/W4214850506","https://openalex.org/W4220870072","https://openalex.org/W4221107878","https://openalex.org/W4229442641","https://openalex.org/W4289028826","https://openalex.org/W4293573217","https://openalex.org/W4294990539","https://openalex.org/W4296994858","https://openalex.org/W4310350089","https://openalex.org/W4311705226","https://openalex.org/W4313275241","https://openalex.org/W4321210017","https://openalex.org/W4324028287","https://openalex.org/W4367315270","https://openalex.org/W4380767338","https://openalex.org/W4382294969","https://openalex.org/W4384157218","https://openalex.org/W4384377027","https://openalex.org/W4386138871","https://openalex.org/W4386623682","https://openalex.org/W4387012390","https://openalex.org/W4387423114","https://openalex.org/W4387479783","https://openalex.org/W4387538828","https://openalex.org/W4389298156","https://openalex.org/W4390048774","https://openalex.org/W4390546200","https://openalex.org/W4390902192","https://openalex.org/W4391026732","https://openalex.org/W4392983945","https://openalex.org/W4393396511","https://openalex.org/W4393993858","https://openalex.org/W4395961320","https://openalex.org/W4400529603","https://openalex.org/W4404459177","https://openalex.org/W4406624058","https://openalex.org/W4407282379","https://openalex.org/W6635863873","https://openalex.org/W6648982606","https://openalex.org/W6737362376","https://openalex.org/W6768799708","https://openalex.org/W6791221552","https://openalex.org/W6801213247","https://openalex.org/W6850319461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2739852106","https://openalex.org/W4389391504","https://openalex.org/W1986755814","https://openalex.org/W4301410663","https://openalex.org/W3120020206","https://openalex.org/W4384704518","https://openalex.org/W2606123946","https://openalex.org/W2134946347","https://openalex.org/W3122623056","https://openalex.org/W1546226669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"global":[1,26],"energy":[2,27,50,153],"demand":[3],"grows":[4],"and":[5,41,63,78,103,117,126,134,165,174],"the":[6,25,39,46,90,98,104,120,127,149,170],"focus":[7],"on":[8],"environmental":[9],"sustainability":[10],"intensifies,":[11],"wind":[12,49,152],"energy,":[13,19],"as":[14],"a":[15,21,56,83,107,135],"form":[16],"of":[17,48,58,123,137,151],"clean":[18],"plays":[20],"pivotal":[22],"role":[23],"in":[24],"transition.":[28],"The":[29],"public\u2013private":[30],"partnership":[31],"(PPP)":[32],"model,":[33],"by":[34,96],"integrating":[35],"resources":[36],"from":[37],"both":[38,61],"public":[40],"private":[42],"sectors,":[43],"effectively":[44,162],"propels":[45],"implementation":[47],"projects.":[51],"However,":[52],"these":[53],"projects":[54],"face":[55],"myriad":[57],"risks":[59],"during":[60],"development":[62],"operation,":[64],"making":[65],"effective":[66],"risk":[67,84,109,121,130,140,167,172],"management":[68],"crucial":[69],"to":[70,164],"project":[71,92],"success.":[72],"This":[73],"paper,":[74],"through":[75,114],"literature":[76],"analysis":[77],"System":[79],"Dynamics":[80],"methodology,":[81],"develops":[82],"diversification":[85,141],"indicator":[86],"system":[87],"that":[88],"covers":[89],"entire":[91],"lifecycle.":[93],"In":[94],"addition,":[95],"combining":[97],"improved":[99],"G1":[100],"weighting":[101],"method":[102],"entropy":[105],"method,":[106],"dynamic":[108],"model":[110],"is":[111,143],"established.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"numerical":[115],"simulation":[116],"sensitivity":[118],"analysis,":[119],"levels":[122],"each":[124],"subsystem":[125],"key":[128],"boundary":[129],"factors":[131],"are":[132],"identified,":[133],"set":[136],"highly":[138],"adaptable":[139],"strategies":[142,146],"proposed.":[144],"These":[145],"will":[147],"enhance":[148],"resilience":[150],"PPP":[154],"projects,":[155],"foster":[156],"trust":[157],"among":[158],"stakeholders,":[159],"help":[160],"participants":[161],"respond":[163],"predict":[166],"evolution,":[168],"improve":[169],"project\u2019s":[171],"tolerance,":[173],"ensure":[175],"its":[176],"long-term":[177],"sustainable":[178],"operation.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}