{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408936395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233","title":"A Novel Management Approach for Optimal Operation of Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid in the Presence of Wind and Load Uncertainties","display_name":"A Novel Management Approach for Optimal Operation of Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid in the Presence of Wind and Load Uncertainties","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408936395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024272836","display_name":"Hamed Zeinoddini\u2010Meymand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-8566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183263030","display_name":"Graduate University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0451xdy64","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Zeinoddini-Meymand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-8566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044913736","display_name":"Reza Safipour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183263030","display_name":"Graduate University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0451xdy64","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Safipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018888435","display_name":"Farhad Namdari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Namdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK","Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-252X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018888435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04656219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"233","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9068057537078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5692417025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41462522745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39839547872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3570316433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34860292077064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3216341435909271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2794634997844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.1542535424232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11348697543144226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9068057537078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5692417025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41462522745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39839547872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3570316433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34860292077064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3216341435909271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2794634997844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.1542535424232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11348697543144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/140923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/140923","pdf_url":"https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/140923/1/out.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ae13b9cf8854e73bd51fba1a0fc4c4d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ae13b9cf8854e73bd51fba1a0fc4c4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 233 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29813903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Management_Approach_for_Optimal_Operation_of_Hybrid_AC-DC_Microgrid_in_the_Presence_of_Wind_and_Load_Uncertainties/29813903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13040233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484609233","https://openalex.org/W2008282185","https://openalex.org/W2066059434","https://openalex.org/W2125826206","https://openalex.org/W2135248173","https://openalex.org/W2212422551","https://openalex.org/W2243666583","https://openalex.org/W2547203212","https://openalex.org/W2735324707","https://openalex.org/W2781696202","https://openalex.org/W2891902569","https://openalex.org/W2912372291","https://openalex.org/W3083171042","https://openalex.org/W3107393802","https://openalex.org/W3196992814","https://openalex.org/W3211941485","https://openalex.org/W4205985650","https://openalex.org/W4206571858","https://openalex.org/W4224213332","https://openalex.org/W4281609838","https://openalex.org/W4283751928","https://openalex.org/W4295837457","https://openalex.org/W4298221520","https://openalex.org/W4309633305","https://openalex.org/W4310069184","https://openalex.org/W4317810442","https://openalex.org/W4381611314","https://openalex.org/W4386746738","https://openalex.org/W4387480440","https://openalex.org/W4388749387","https://openalex.org/W4388794470","https://openalex.org/W4389776578","https://openalex.org/W4391589676","https://openalex.org/W4392053659","https://openalex.org/W4392844753","https://openalex.org/W4402697461","https://openalex.org/W4406201790","https://openalex.org/W6682642761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4206134051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,67,112,133],"optimal":[1,194],"operation":[2,14],"of":[3,15,115,125,196,211,218,232],"a":[4,97,129,138,182],"hybrid":[5],"AC-DC":[6,105],"microgrid":[7,18,28,48,84,106,136,156,256,267,300],"is":[8,49,74,119,228,262],"investigated":[9,134],"in":[10,51,145,169,187,201,205,215,241,248,253],"this":[11],"study.":[12],"an":[16,25,104,158],"AC":[17,61,135,255],"connected":[19],"to":[20,102,120,147,171,189,207,265,298],"the":[21,37,46,52,56,75,80,91,116,122,149,154,173,193,198,209,212,216,220,225,237,242,244,249,254,266,276,289,294,306],"main":[22,68,113,277,307],"grid":[23,278],"and":[24,45,58,62,142,153,166,184,191,257,279,291],"islanded":[26,53],"DC":[27,47,63,155,250],"has":[29,85],"been":[30],"examined":[31],"under":[32],"three":[33,202,226],"management":[34,77,88,100,270],"approaches.":[35,203],"In":[36,55,79],"first":[38,180,290],"approach,":[39,82],"two":[40,72,126],"microgrids":[41,64,127],"are":[42,65,178],"not":[43],"connected,":[44],"operated":[50],"mode.":[54],"second":[57,81],"third":[59,92,292],"approaches,":[60,293],"connected.":[66],"difference":[69],"between":[70],"these":[71],"approaches":[73,227],"energy":[76,99,159,269],"framework.":[78],"each":[83],"its":[86],"own":[87],"system,":[89,161,271],"while":[90,305],"approach":[93],"integrates":[94],"both":[95],"into":[96],"single":[98],"system":[101],"form":[103],"that":[107],"minimizes":[108],"overall":[109],"operational":[110],"costs.":[111],"goal":[114],"proposed":[117,213,238],"model":[118,239],"minimize":[121],"operating":[123],"costs":[124],"over":[128],"24":[130],"h":[131],"period.":[132],"includes":[137,157],"microturbine,":[139],"wind":[140,164,183],"turbine":[141,165],"diesel":[143],"generator":[144],"order":[146,170,188,206],"supply":[148,172],"residential":[150],"load":[151,175,185],"profile,":[152],"storage":[160],"fuel":[162,286,295],"cell,":[163],"solar":[167],"panel":[168],"commercial":[174],"profile.":[176],"Simulations":[177],"performed":[179],"with":[181],"scenario":[186],"show":[190],"compare":[192],"points":[195],"using":[197],"decision":[199],"variables":[200],"Finally,":[204],"prove":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"method":[214],"presence":[217],"uncertainties,":[219],"cost":[221,245],"distribution":[222],"function":[223],"for":[224],"presented":[229],"by":[230,303,311],"means":[231],"Monte":[233],"Carlo":[234],"simulation.":[235],"Applying":[236],"results":[240],"following":[243],"reduction:":[246],"67.9%":[247],"microgrid,":[251],"14.2%":[252],"24.4%":[258],"overall.":[259],"This":[260],"reduction":[261],"primarily":[263],"attributed":[264],"central":[268],"which":[272],"decreases":[273],"reliance":[274],"on":[275],"instead":[280],"utilizes":[281],"alternative":[282],"sources":[283],"such":[284],"as":[285],"cells.":[287],"Comparing":[288],"cell\u2019s":[296],"contribution":[297],"supplying":[299],"loads":[301],"increased":[302],"29%,":[304],"grid\u2019s":[308],"participation":[309],"decreased":[310],"26%.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
