{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408226181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030187","title":"Research on the Nonlinear and Interactive Effects of Multidimensional Influencing Factors on Urban Innovation Cooperation: A Method Based on an Explainable Machine Learning Model","display_name":"Research on the Nonlinear and Interactive Effects of Multidimensional Influencing Factors on Urban Innovation Cooperation: A Method Based on an Explainable Machine Learning Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408226181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/187/pdf?version=1741355909","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/187/pdf?version=1741355909","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2602-5438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2602-5438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071030373","display_name":"Xingping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-2230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-2230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064334128","display_name":"Zhonghu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084676199","display_name":"Siqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-6917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050425155","display_name":"Kailun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kailun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071030373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":6.9633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97065918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"187","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.8751000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13955","display_name":"Evaluation Methods in Various Fields","score":0.8428999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5373846888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4608269929885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45608752965927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4291410446166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.3628671169281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21307402849197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06842538714408875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5373846888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4608269929885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45608752965927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4291410446166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3628671169281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21307402849197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06842538714408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/187/pdf?version=1741355909","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:357f7edde15b4cf7a7ae24db87ac0839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/357f7edde15b4cf7a7ae24db87ac0839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 187 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/187/pdf?version=1741355909","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408226181.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144108420","https://openalex.org/W167368901","https://openalex.org/W855055030","https://openalex.org/W1486606239","https://openalex.org/W1493684108","https://openalex.org/W1598457958","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1979879734","https://openalex.org/W1983724229","https://openalex.org/W1988112439","https://openalex.org/W1991068961","https://openalex.org/W2002569379","https://openalex.org/W2006558352","https://openalex.org/W2011035909","https://openalex.org/W2017708700","https://openalex.org/W2029433291","https://openalex.org/W2031302545","https://openalex.org/W2035676385","https://openalex.org/W2042125252","https://openalex.org/W2042146284","https://openalex.org/W2056437854","https://openalex.org/W2057528791","https://openalex.org/W2061998419","https://openalex.org/W2080174386","https://openalex.org/W2085236276","https://openalex.org/W2087441485","https://openalex.org/W2087956194","https://openalex.org/W2095047073","https://openalex.org/W2096123611","https://openalex.org/W2111274091","https://openalex.org/W2111913540","https://openalex.org/W2112818291","https://openalex.org/W2130864817","https://openalex.org/W2133649842","https://openalex.org/W2147647754","https://openalex.org/W2167249943","https://openalex.org/W2334901859","https://openalex.org/W2554314082","https://openalex.org/W2727620666","https://openalex.org/W2757096358","https://openalex.org/W2760117836","https://openalex.org/W2791277934","https://openalex.org/W2793755571","https://openalex.org/W2808074800","https://openalex.org/W2905872491","https://openalex.org/W2918502109","https://openalex.org/W2986101799","https://openalex.org/W2989803849","https://openalex.org/W2990898151","https://openalex.org/W3001432458","https://openalex.org/W3008388669","https://openalex.org/W3017541653","https://openalex.org/W3023075728","https://openalex.org/W3023623796","https://openalex.org/W3036573352","https://openalex.org/W3046572105","https://openalex.org/W3088401329","https://openalex.org/W3090272481","https://openalex.org/W3107708362","https://openalex.org/W3121225823","https://openalex.org/W3122984467","https://openalex.org/W3124972474","https://openalex.org/W3134426344","https://openalex.org/W3150172572","https://openalex.org/W3166459169","https://openalex.org/W3169203486","https://openalex.org/W3170363944","https://openalex.org/W3176066633","https://openalex.org/W4200107205","https://openalex.org/W4200584261","https://openalex.org/W4205104840","https://openalex.org/W4220788553","https://openalex.org/W4241045576","https://openalex.org/W4256330813","https://openalex.org/W4280579162","https://openalex.org/W4281782750","https://openalex.org/W4283077289","https://openalex.org/W4285678352","https://openalex.org/W4285729334","https://openalex.org/W4291720806","https://openalex.org/W4293777315","https://openalex.org/W4293796565","https://openalex.org/W4295067608","https://openalex.org/W4296966925","https://openalex.org/W4299293127","https://openalex.org/W4303649342","https://openalex.org/W4304197410","https://openalex.org/W4312617484","https://openalex.org/W4313529816","https://openalex.org/W4323040946","https://openalex.org/W4323072984","https://openalex.org/W4362573587","https://openalex.org/W4362735849","https://openalex.org/W4366276233","https://openalex.org/W4381997095","https://openalex.org/W4382877613","https://openalex.org/W4385606105","https://openalex.org/W4387245805","https://openalex.org/W4389372922","https://openalex.org/W4394944766","https://openalex.org/W4395469314","https://openalex.org/W4399153870","https://openalex.org/W4399544264","https://openalex.org/W4400205554","https://openalex.org/W4400522582","https://openalex.org/W4400660198","https://openalex.org/W4400674392","https://openalex.org/W4401476891","https://openalex.org/W4401842258","https://openalex.org/W4402200806","https://openalex.org/W4402545517","https://openalex.org/W4402629038","https://openalex.org/W4404700791","https://openalex.org/W6629038310","https://openalex.org/W6672641042","https://openalex.org/W6785712677","https://openalex.org/W6795503112","https://openalex.org/W6850626677","https://openalex.org/W6862191945","https://openalex.org/W6872300197","https://openalex.org/W6874374850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"globalization,":[1],"the":[2,32,45,73,132,138,143,150,159,165,172,185,202,291],"significance":[3],"of":[4,78,98,167,188,204,246,251,285,296],"urban":[5,13,82,124,189,286],"innovation":[6,14,83,110,125,287],"cooperation":[7,15,111,126,288],"has":[8,142,212],"become":[9],"increasingly":[10],"evident.":[11],"However,":[12],"faces":[16],"challenges":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,30,71],"various":[20],"factors\u2014social,":[21],"economic,":[22],"and":[23,66,75,94,100,120,127,134,141,161,230,249,276,289,293],"spatial\u2014making":[24],"it":[25,206],"difficult":[26],"for":[27],"traditional":[28],"methods":[29],"uncover":[31],"intricate":[33],"nonlinear":[34,74,119,197,292],"relationships":[35,193],"among":[36,130],"them.":[37],"Consequently,":[38],"this":[39],"research":[40],"concentrates":[41],"on":[42,273],"cities":[43,261],"within":[44],"Yangtze":[46],"River":[47],"Delta":[48],"region,":[49],"employing":[50],"an":[51],"explainable":[52],"machine":[53],"learning":[54],"model":[55],"that":[56,88,210],"integrates":[57],"eXtreme":[58],"Gradient":[59],"Boosting":[60],"(XGBoost),":[61],"SHapley":[62],"Additive":[63],"exPlanations":[64],"(SHAP),":[65],"Partial":[67],"Dependence":[68],"Plots":[69],"(PDPs)":[70],"investigate":[72],"interactive":[76,121,294],"effects":[77,122,295],"multidimensional":[79,128,297],"factors":[80],"impacting":[81],"cooperation.":[84],"The":[85,175],"findings":[86],"indicate":[87],"XGBoost":[89],"outperforms":[90],"LR,":[91],"SVR,":[92],"RF,":[93],"GBDT":[95],"in":[96,149,256],"terms":[97],"accuracy":[99],"effectiveness.":[101],"Key":[102],"results":[103],"are":[104],"summarized":[105],"as":[106],"follows:":[107],"(1)":[108],"Urban":[109],"exhibits":[112,181],"different":[113,263],"phased":[114],"characteristics.":[115],"(2)":[116],"There":[117],"exist":[118],"between":[123],"factors,":[129],"them,":[131],"Scientific":[133],"Technological":[135],"dimension":[136,163,178],"contributes":[137,171],"most":[139,144,173],"(30.59%)":[140],"significant":[145],"positive":[146,198,214],"promoting":[147],"effect":[148,216,241],"later":[151],"stage":[152],"after":[153],"surpassing":[154],"a":[155,213,238],"certain":[156],"threshold.":[157],"In":[158],"Social":[160],"Economic":[162],"(23.61%),":[164],"number":[166,250],"Internet":[168],"Users":[169],"(IU)":[170],"individually.":[174],"Physical":[176],"Space":[177],"(20.46%)":[179],"generally":[180],"mutation":[182],"points":[183],"during":[184],"early":[186],"stages":[187],"development,":[190],"with":[191,217,242],"overall":[192],"predominantly":[194],"characterized":[195],"by":[196],"trends.":[199],"(3)":[200],"Through":[201],"application":[203],"PDP,":[205],"is":[207],"further":[208],"determined":[209],"IU":[211],"synergistic":[215],"per":[218,227],"capita":[219,228],"Foreign":[220],"Direct":[221],"Investment":[222],"(FDI),":[223],"public":[224],"library":[225],"collections":[226],"(LC),":[229],"city":[231],"night":[232],"light":[233],"data":[234],"(NPP),":[235],"while":[236],"exhibiting":[237],"negative":[239],"antagonistic":[240],"Average":[243],"Annual":[244],"Wage":[245],"Staff":[247],"(AAS)":[248],"Enterprises":[252],"above":[253],"Designated":[254],"Size":[255],"Industry":[257],"(EDS).":[258],"(4)":[259],"For":[260],"at":[262],"developmental":[264],"stages,":[265],"tailored":[266],"development":[267],"proposals":[268],"should":[269],"be":[270],"formulated":[271],"based":[272],"single-factor":[274],"contribution":[275],"multifactor":[277],"interaction":[278],"effects.":[279],"These":[280],"insights":[281],"enhance":[282],"our":[283],"understanding":[284],"elucidate":[290],"influencing":[298],"factors.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
