{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407954593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030160","title":"Coupled Water\u2013Energy\u2013Carbon Study of the Agricultural Sector in the Great River Basin: Empirical Evidence from the Yellow River Basin, China","display_name":"Coupled Water\u2013Energy\u2013Carbon Study of the Agricultural Sector in the Great River Basin: Empirical Evidence from the Yellow River Basin, China","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407954593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030160","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/160/pdf?version=1740646223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/160/pdf?version=1740646223","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014094093","display_name":"Jingwei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067702253","display_name":"Jianhui Cong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767521","display_name":"Yuqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8140-7359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150398","display_name":"Hunan University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04askxv05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150398"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Economics Finance and Management Studies, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China","School of Economics and Management, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Economics Finance and Management Studies, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005738921","display_name":"Weiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205892228","display_name":"Berlin School of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/03rkmps36","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Economics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Economics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228","https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045534834","display_name":"Ran Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101734298","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9407-7672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139142","display_name":"Development Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04m6cjv19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139142","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Development Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Development Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577","https://openalex.org/I4210139142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067702253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01976932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"160","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12724","display_name":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12724","display_name":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.7777132987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7701630592346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.6148731112480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.6061549186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.4982478618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4795805513858795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.4337954819202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3480515480041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3202322721481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.17477089166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08716213703155518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.7777132987976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7701630592346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6148731112480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.6061549186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4982478618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4795805513858795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.4337954819202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3480515480041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3202322721481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.17477089166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08716213703155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030160","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/160/pdf?version=1740646223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00bffeffd4814092bf9e41b80a9a4b3d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00bffeffd4814092bf9e41b80a9a4b3d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 160 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13030160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030160","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/160/pdf?version=1740646223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407954593.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041786519","https://openalex.org/W2388525728","https://openalex.org/W2623176884","https://openalex.org/W2663311889","https://openalex.org/W2887333120","https://openalex.org/W2894755253","https://openalex.org/W2907708352","https://openalex.org/W2989826795","https://openalex.org/W3084039270","https://openalex.org/W3086528678","https://openalex.org/W3112303699","https://openalex.org/W3121675563","https://openalex.org/W3131186094","https://openalex.org/W3139099006","https://openalex.org/W3156897933","https://openalex.org/W3195039794","https://openalex.org/W3203156834","https://openalex.org/W3206993230","https://openalex.org/W4200261697","https://openalex.org/W4200402654","https://openalex.org/W4207006442","https://openalex.org/W4375951898","https://openalex.org/W4378745536","https://openalex.org/W4381513944","https://openalex.org/W4384522191","https://openalex.org/W4386740790","https://openalex.org/W4391105157","https://openalex.org/W4391503428","https://openalex.org/W4391876557","https://openalex.org/W4394688455","https://openalex.org/W4396888981","https://openalex.org/W4399432403","https://openalex.org/W4399856868","https://openalex.org/W4402746208","https://openalex.org/W4404045269","https://openalex.org/W4404699800","https://openalex.org/W4404797187","https://openalex.org/W4405172538","https://openalex.org/W6746058456","https://openalex.org/W6858566093","https://openalex.org/W6873040184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592964249","https://openalex.org/W3146297556","https://openalex.org/W2355956201","https://openalex.org/W2789353201","https://openalex.org/W2081395060","https://openalex.org/W2222126384","https://openalex.org/W2809439637","https://openalex.org/W2358086746","https://openalex.org/W2351070189","https://openalex.org/W2316251222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,16,23,37,42,45,51,57,64,70,80,84,92,96,116,124,132,139,148,176,195,204,211,218,222,228,235,244,257,264,275],"context":[2],"of":[3,19,26,54,77,86,111,118,135,151,159,166,189,197,213,221,231,238,247,278],"sustainable":[4],"development,":[5],"water":[6,112,120,207],"resources,":[7],"energy,":[8],"and":[9,22,73,101,115,131,175,216,233,253,266,274],"carbon":[10],"emissions":[11],"are":[12,103,209],"pivotal":[13],"factors":[14],"influencing":[15],"rational":[17],"planning":[18],"economic":[20],"development":[21,53,117,199],"secure":[24],"establishment":[25],"ecological":[27],"barriers.":[28],"As":[29],"a":[30,128,164],"core":[31],"food":[32],"production":[33],"area,":[34],"how":[35],"can":[36],"Great":[38,258],"River":[39,59,259],"Basin":[40,60,260],"balance":[41],"pressure":[43,268],"on":[44],"\u201cwater\u2013energy\u2013carbon\u201d":[46],"system":[47],"(WEC)":[48],"to":[49,172,183,193,203,261],"realize":[50],"coordinated":[52],"\u201cnature\u2013society\u2013economy\u201d?":[55],"Taking":[56],"Yellow":[58],"in":[61,79,210],"China":[62],"as":[63],"research":[65],"object,":[66],"this":[67],"paper":[68],"explores":[69],"coupling":[71,98,177],"characteristics":[72],"virtual":[74,160],"transfer":[75,167],"trends":[76],"WEC":[78,161],"agricultural":[81,136],"sector":[82,220,237],"under":[83],"condition":[85],"mutual":[87],"constraints.":[88],"The":[89,109,187],"results":[90],"show":[91,127,142],"following:":[93],"(1)":[94],"On":[95,147],"dynamic":[97],"characteristics,":[99],"W-E":[100,125],"E-C":[102,140],"strongly":[104],"coupled":[105],"with":[106,263],"each":[107],"other.":[108],"optimization":[110],"resource":[113,223,239,265],"allocation":[114,277],"energy-saving":[119],"use":[121],"technology":[122],"make":[123],"consumption":[126,141,240],"downward":[129],"trend,":[130],"large-scale":[133],"promotion":[134],"mechanization":[137],"makes":[138],"an":[143,155],"upward":[144],"trend.":[145],"(2)":[146],"spatial":[149],"distribution":[150],"transfer,":[152,162],"there":[153],"is":[154],"obvious":[156],"path":[157],"dependence":[158],"showing":[163],"trend":[165],"from":[168,180],"less":[169,184],"developed":[170,173,181,185],"regions":[171,182],"regions,":[174],"strength":[178],"decreases":[179],"regions.":[186],"assumption":[188],"producer":[190],"responsibility":[191],"serves":[192],"exacerbate":[194],"problem":[196],"inter-regional":[198,279],"imbalances.":[200],"(3)":[201],"According":[202],"cross-sectoral":[205],"analysis,":[206],"resources":[208],"center":[212],"sectoral":[214],"interaction,":[215],"controlling":[217,234],"upstream":[219],"supply":[224],"will":[225,241],"indirectly":[226,242],"affect":[227,243],"synergistic":[229],"relationship":[230,246],"WEC,":[232],"downstream":[236],"constraint":[245],"WEC.":[248],"This":[249],"study":[250],"provides":[251],"theoretical":[252],"methodological":[254],"references":[255],"for":[256],"cope":[262],"environmental":[267],"brought":[269],"by":[270],"global":[271],"climate":[272],"change":[273],"effective":[276],"resources.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
