{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407642358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020128","title":"Understanding the Drivers of Business Formation Process in Latin America: An Integrated Model Applied to the Analysis of Alumni\u2019s Ventures from an Ecuadorian University","display_name":"Understanding the Drivers of Business Formation Process in Latin America: An Integrated Model Applied to the Analysis of Alumni\u2019s Ventures from an Ecuadorian University","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407642358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/128/pdf?version=1739795712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/128/pdf?version=1739795712","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047913425","display_name":"Roberto Vallejo-Imbaquingo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-1106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Vallejo-Imbaquingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Estudios Organizacionales y Desarrollo Humano DESODEH, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-1106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Estudios Organizacionales y Desarrollo Humano DESODEH, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074236779","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Robalino-L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-5606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Robalino-L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Estudios Organizacionales y Desarrollo Humano DESODEH, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-5606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Estudios Organizacionales y Desarrollo Humano DESODEH, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074236779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":2.8038,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8845514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"128","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11843","display_name":"Family Business Performance and Succession","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-americans","display_name":"Latin Americans","score":0.7789174318313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6190418004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.45758476853370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.42374491691589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.35134628415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28825849294662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.28256088495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2520015239715576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.7789174318313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6190418004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45758476853370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.42374491691589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35134628415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28825849294662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28256088495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2520015239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/128/pdf?version=1739795712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67b3361e060946c5b58757f17869b98c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67b3361e060946c5b58757f17869b98c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 128 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/128/pdf?version=1739795712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407642358.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407642358.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607490809","https://openalex.org/W1574342874","https://openalex.org/W1585881858","https://openalex.org/W1759037920","https://openalex.org/W1986060596","https://openalex.org/W1994547427","https://openalex.org/W2011923909","https://openalex.org/W2020104019","https://openalex.org/W2042991817","https://openalex.org/W2046579987","https://openalex.org/W2050051977","https://openalex.org/W2050731102","https://openalex.org/W2063986994","https://openalex.org/W2070480353","https://openalex.org/W2091486654","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2122575334","https://openalex.org/W2141609428","https://openalex.org/W2144951642","https://openalex.org/W2157269323","https://openalex.org/W2237608482","https://openalex.org/W2290406209","https://openalex.org/W2464413864","https://openalex.org/W2476072887","https://openalex.org/W2502519201","https://openalex.org/W2531455670","https://openalex.org/W2613524403","https://openalex.org/W2738320714","https://openalex.org/W2771832890","https://openalex.org/W2782037612","https://openalex.org/W2783117961","https://openalex.org/W2793531260","https://openalex.org/W2795327090","https://openalex.org/W2796761821","https://openalex.org/W2806684697","https://openalex.org/W2809945858","https://openalex.org/W2832721111","https://openalex.org/W2892125675","https://openalex.org/W2899526627","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2911167960","https://openalex.org/W2921716898","https://openalex.org/W2940359484","https://openalex.org/W2940427897","https://openalex.org/W2950619961","https://openalex.org/W2994639602","https://openalex.org/W3015086613","https://openalex.org/W3021327952","https://openalex.org/W3040998022","https://openalex.org/W3042473098","https://openalex.org/W3048506540","https://openalex.org/W3106195951","https://openalex.org/W3121281656","https://openalex.org/W3121328123","https://openalex.org/W3121702077","https://openalex.org/W3124839039","https://openalex.org/W3124852511","https://openalex.org/W3125149224","https://openalex.org/W3125376737","https://openalex.org/W3125440707","https://openalex.org/W3127782752","https://openalex.org/W3142792662","https://openalex.org/W3169018816","https://openalex.org/W3173846346","https://openalex.org/W3194372516","https://openalex.org/W3210383951","https://openalex.org/W3213379273","https://openalex.org/W3216876082","https://openalex.org/W4205750901","https://openalex.org/W4206965361","https://openalex.org/W4213417512","https://openalex.org/W4220919844","https://openalex.org/W4229989156","https://openalex.org/W4281565747","https://openalex.org/W4300004529","https://openalex.org/W4301441860","https://openalex.org/W4307267016","https://openalex.org/W4317611862","https://openalex.org/W4322582537","https://openalex.org/W6653083608","https://openalex.org/W6684731712","https://openalex.org/W6704696285","https://openalex.org/W6746164772","https://openalex.org/W6790396534","https://openalex.org/W6796746893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2507013036","https://openalex.org/W2254250433","https://openalex.org/W3022347140","https://openalex.org/W4312372980","https://openalex.org/W4281737987","https://openalex.org/W4386449603","https://openalex.org/W3124412501","https://openalex.org/W2048235121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognizing":[0],"the":[1,19,31,34,51,140,145,155,177],"factors":[2,41],"that":[3,112],"influence":[4],"business":[5,43,141],"formation":[6,142],"in":[7,26,30,42,149,181],"developing":[8],"contexts":[9],"is":[10],"critical":[11],"for":[12,186],"promoting":[13],"economic":[14,197],"growth.":[15],"This":[16,173],"study":[17,174],"examines":[18],"drivers":[20],"of":[21,36,53,147,157,179],"entrepreneurship":[22,148,180],"among":[23],"university":[24],"alumni":[25,80],"Ecuador,":[27],"addressing":[28],"gaps":[29],"literature":[32],"regarding":[33],"roles":[35],"individual,":[37],"organizational,":[38],"and":[39,56,65,95,105,121,165,188,196],"institutional":[40,122,171],"creation.":[44],"Drawing":[45],"on":[46,128,139],"established":[47],"theories":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50],"Theory":[52],"Planned":[54],"Behavior":[55],"Resource-Based":[57],"Theory,":[58],"a":[59,82,117,136],"multilevel":[60],"causal":[61],"model":[62,90],"was":[63],"developed":[64],"tested":[66],"using":[67],"Partial":[68],"Least":[69],"Squares":[70],"Structural":[71],"Equation":[72],"Modeling":[73],"(PLS-SEM).":[74],"Data":[75],"were":[76],"collected":[77],"from":[78,102],"550":[79],"through":[81],"structured":[83],"questionnaire,":[84],"complemented":[85],"by":[86],"semi-structured":[87],"interviews.":[88],"The":[89,152],"integrates":[91],"micro-level":[92],"(entrepreneurial":[93,99],"attitudes":[94],"funding":[96],"experience),":[97,104],"meso-level":[98],"knowledge":[100,120],"acquired":[101],"working":[103],"macro-level":[106],"determinants":[107],"(opportunity":[108],"cost).":[109],"Results":[110],"indicate":[111],"while":[113],"individual":[114],"traits":[115],"play":[116],"role,":[118],"organizational":[119],"context":[123],"have":[124,135],"more":[125],"pronounced":[126],"impacts":[127],"entrepreneurial":[129,159,194],"actions.":[130],"In":[131],"particular,":[132],"opportunity":[133],"costs":[134],"negative":[137],"impact":[138],"process,":[143],"reflecting":[144],"challenges":[146],"unfavorable":[150],"environments.":[151],"findings":[153],"highlight":[154],"importance":[156],"fostering":[158],"ecosystems":[160],"within":[161],"universities,":[162],"emphasizing":[163],"education":[164],"support":[166],"mechanisms":[167],"tailored":[168],"to":[169,176,192],"overcoming":[170],"barriers.":[172],"contributes":[175],"understanding":[178],"Latin":[182],"America,":[183],"offering":[184],"insights":[185],"policymakers":[187],"academic":[189],"institutions":[190],"aiming":[191],"enhance":[193],"activity":[195],"development.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}