{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407412976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020113","title":"The Role of Digital Infrastructure and Skills in Enhancing Labor Productivity: Insights from Industry 4.0 in the European Union","display_name":"The Role of Digital Infrastructure and Skills in Enhancing Labor Productivity: Insights from Industry 4.0 in the European Union","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407412976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/113/pdf?version=1739351066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/113/pdf?version=1739351066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010193994","display_name":"Ofelia Ema Aleca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88491126","display_name":"Bucharest University of Economic Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04yvncj21","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88491126"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ofelia Ema Aleca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Information Systems Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-0781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Information Systems Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88491126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012018810","display_name":"Florin Mihai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-7027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88491126","display_name":"Bucharest University of Economic Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04yvncj21","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88491126"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florin Mihai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Information Systems Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-7027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Information Systems Department, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88491126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012018810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88491126"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":13.1917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99075717,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"113","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12922","display_name":"Business and Economic Development","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.7887486219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.5602700114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5443359017372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.39969518780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.3889206051826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.3010633885860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2613930106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.15553900599479675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7887486219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5602700114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5443359017372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.39969518780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3889206051826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3010633885860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2613930106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15553900599479675}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/113/pdf?version=1739351066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:822e10ce77e543b19a6449b037a714b4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/822e10ce77e543b19a6449b037a714b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 113 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/113/pdf?version=1739351066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407412976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407412976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1618969555","https://openalex.org/W1937315645","https://openalex.org/W1972698480","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2040484355","https://openalex.org/W2046033161","https://openalex.org/W2062592463","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2295939521","https://openalex.org/W2338565905","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2622921730","https://openalex.org/W2783386352","https://openalex.org/W2883908928","https://openalex.org/W2885429563","https://openalex.org/W2947260500","https://openalex.org/W2985051097","https://openalex.org/W2986716789","https://openalex.org/W3004011463","https://openalex.org/W3046056540","https://openalex.org/W3046441697","https://openalex.org/W3046929255","https://openalex.org/W3048865944","https://openalex.org/W3093859232","https://openalex.org/W3111195724","https://openalex.org/W3117086496","https://openalex.org/W3137923585","https://openalex.org/W3177275732","https://openalex.org/W3209129375","https://openalex.org/W3210476434","https://openalex.org/W4206022182","https://openalex.org/W4210730809","https://openalex.org/W4226140636","https://openalex.org/W4241502104","https://openalex.org/W4285086367","https://openalex.org/W4293456571","https://openalex.org/W4313362398","https://openalex.org/W4366000484","https://openalex.org/W4377964502","https://openalex.org/W4386252477","https://openalex.org/W4387662412","https://openalex.org/W4388785156","https://openalex.org/W4390348063","https://openalex.org/W4392550551","https://openalex.org/W4396767055","https://openalex.org/W4400181926","https://openalex.org/W4400445048","https://openalex.org/W4400662350","https://openalex.org/W4400891489","https://openalex.org/W4400913821","https://openalex.org/W4403426337","https://openalex.org/W4403635258","https://openalex.org/W6798002181","https://openalex.org/W6802803890","https://openalex.org/W6842308109","https://openalex.org/W6869699333","https://openalex.org/W6872640720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2440403839","https://openalex.org/W599097301","https://openalex.org/W2367677619","https://openalex.org/W1967872488","https://openalex.org/W3162895297","https://openalex.org/W2606830790","https://openalex.org/W2379685433","https://openalex.org/W202636441","https://openalex.org/W2588122185","https://openalex.org/W2962452341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106],"adoption":[1,64],"of":[2,10,28,65,82,90,133],"Industry":[3,128,144],"4.0":[4,129,145],"technologies":[5,30,146],"supports":[6,79],"the":[7,26,48,51,63,80,88,120,156],"digital":[8,21,23,54,91,115,122,140],"transformation":[9],"production":[11],"processes,":[12],"making":[13,127],"them":[14],"more":[15],"efficient.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18,107],"examines":[19],"how":[20,138],"infrastructure,":[22,116],"skills,":[24,123],"and":[25,44,93,114,142],"use":[27],"cloud":[29,66],"influence":[31],"labor":[32,104,148],"productivity":[33],"in":[34,57,87,112],"European":[35],"Union":[36],"countries.":[37],"Using":[38],"econometric":[39],"methods,":[40],"including":[41],"linear":[42],"regressions":[43],"fixed-effects":[45],"panel":[46],"regressions,":[47],"analysis":[49],"highlights":[50],"important":[52],"role":[53],"skills":[55,141],"play":[56],"boosting":[58],"productivity.":[59,105],"It":[60],"also":[61],"identifies":[62],"solutions":[67],"as":[68],"a":[69,130],"catalyst":[70],"for":[71],"process":[72],"efficiency,":[73],"while":[74],"widespread":[75],"high-speed":[76],"internet":[77],"coverage":[78],"connectivity":[81],"smart":[83],"systems.":[84],"However,":[85],"variations":[86],"development":[89],"infrastructure":[92],"workforce":[94,139],"readiness":[95],"across":[96],"EU":[97],"member":[98],"states":[99],"present":[100],"challenges":[101],"to":[102,126,155],"overall":[103],"concludes":[108],"that":[109],"strategic":[110],"investments":[111],"automation":[113],"along":[117],"with":[118],"improving":[119],"workforce\u2019s":[121],"are":[124],"essential":[125],"key":[131],"pillar":[132],"economic":[134],"competitiveness.":[135],"By":[136],"examining":[137],"certain":[143],"affect":[147],"productivity,":[149],"this":[150],"research":[151],"adds":[152],"valuable":[153],"insights":[154],"specialized":[157],"literature.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
