{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406931918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","title":"Economics of Cybersecurity Investment and Information Sharing: Firm Decision Making Under Policy Constraints","display_name":"Economics of Cybersecurity Investment and Information Sharing: Firm Decision Making Under Policy Constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406931918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021251949","display_name":"Liurong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-6183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liurong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-6183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075935513","display_name":"Xiang-Hua Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinshuo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688012","display_name":"Jiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-4922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086563860","display_name":"Huagang Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huagang Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021251949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01486443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"83","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.7434999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.6923999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5936750769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sharing","display_name":"Information sharing","score":0.5531135201454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.540860652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5276792645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-economics","display_name":"Information economics","score":0.4723198115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4079996347427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3005542755126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.293636679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28714489936828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14310333132743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.0895143449306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.08729150891304016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5936750769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776854237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information sharing","level":2,"score":0.5531135201454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.540860652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5276792645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119982944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394203","display_name":"Information economics","level":2,"score":0.4723198115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4079996347427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3005542755126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.293636679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28714489936828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14310333132743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0895143449306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08729150891304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:360e7da37da049c7b2975f6b5a806641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/360e7da37da049c7b2975f6b5a806641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 83 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/13/2/83/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pages: 83","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1064480702","display_name":"\u8003\u8651\u98ce\u9669\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u5305\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71801125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5761642219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22YJC630214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033040377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23GLLC015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618475404","https://openalex.org/W1994781041","https://openalex.org/W2026428831","https://openalex.org/W2028833175","https://openalex.org/W2044411509","https://openalex.org/W2069192276","https://openalex.org/W2107451468","https://openalex.org/W2141961894","https://openalex.org/W2244896878","https://openalex.org/W2522428555","https://openalex.org/W2579399277","https://openalex.org/W2617416222","https://openalex.org/W2619152032","https://openalex.org/W2728007126","https://openalex.org/W2743395552","https://openalex.org/W2771049934","https://openalex.org/W3010555539","https://openalex.org/W3046486009","https://openalex.org/W3121840377","https://openalex.org/W3125210271","https://openalex.org/W3129729187","https://openalex.org/W3132384038","https://openalex.org/W3152207697","https://openalex.org/W3171061074","https://openalex.org/W4376104809","https://openalex.org/W6677008603","https://openalex.org/W6850553293","https://openalex.org/W6859435645","https://openalex.org/W6870829228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281699453","https://openalex.org/W2365011578","https://openalex.org/W2381327610","https://openalex.org/W4323341852","https://openalex.org/W1607697957","https://openalex.org/W2896677295","https://openalex.org/W2389722219","https://openalex.org/W2388465389","https://openalex.org/W4295268602","https://openalex.org/W2378481426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"an":[1,32],"increasing":[2],"number":[3,198],"of":[4,21,69,76,83,103,115,137,150,167,182,189,199],"firms":[5,37,169,184,200],"in":[6,158,192],"cybersecurity":[7,77,116,151,154],"information-sharing":[8],"platforms,":[9],"the":[10,19,39,46,67,74,79,89,112,135,147,159,164,187,193,197],"potential":[11],"cyber":[12],"risks":[13],"become":[14],"a":[15,43],"critical":[16],"challenge":[17],"during":[18],"exchanging":[20],"information.":[22],"How":[23],"to":[24,124,146],"balance":[25],"economic":[26],"benefits":[27],"and":[28,38,88,106,118,140,172,185],"security":[29,57,70,85,93,104,119,127,130,138],"requirements":[30],"is":[31,174],"important":[33],"topic":[34],"for":[35,56,92],"both":[36],"government.":[40],"By":[41],"developing":[42],"game-theoretic":[44],"model,":[45],"firms\u2019":[47,99],"optimal":[48,165],"strategies":[49,166],"are":[50,95,109,143,170,178],"discussed":[51],"considering":[52],"their":[53,126],"absorptive":[54,90],"capacity":[55,91],"information":[58,86,94,105,120,131,139,155],"under":[59],"different":[60],"policy":[61,162],"constrains.":[62],"The":[63,101],"results":[64],"show":[65],"that":[66,176,186],"value":[68,102,136],"information,":[71],"intrusion":[72,107,141],"loss,":[73],"level":[75],"vulnerability,":[78],"negative":[80],"impact":[81],"coefficient":[82],"platform":[84,194],"disclosure,":[87],"key":[96],"factors":[97],"impacting":[98],"decisions.":[100],"loss":[108,142],"constrained":[110],"by":[111],"marginal":[113,148],"utility":[114,149,188],"investment":[117,128,152],"sharing.":[121,156],"Firms":[122],"prefer":[123],"increase":[125],"or":[129,153],"sharing":[132],"only":[133],"if":[134],"positively":[144],"related":[145],"Specifically,":[157],"case":[160],"without":[161],"constrains,":[163],"n":[168],"discussed,":[171],"it":[173],"found":[175],"they":[177],"consistent":[179],"with":[180],"those":[181],"two":[183],"any":[190],"firm":[191],"decreases":[195],"as":[196],"increases.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
