{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406780315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020074","title":"Nexus Between Fair Pay and Say-on-Pay Votes","display_name":"Nexus Between Fair Pay and Say-on-Pay Votes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406780315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/74/pdf?version=1737637143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/74/pdf?version=1737637143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068775299","display_name":"Ahmad Alqatan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-7602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093932","display_name":"Arab Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp9k450","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093932"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alqatan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Arab Open University, Ardiya 92400, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Arab Open University, Ardiya 92400, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022563756","display_name":"Muhammad Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-7627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152882","display_name":"Te P\u016bkenga","ror":"https://ror.org/00tsqex91","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152882"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49231182","display_name":"Open Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/020ekrq71","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152882","https://openalex.org/I49231182"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, Open Polytechnic\u2013Te P\u016bkenga, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-7627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, Open Polytechnic\u2013Te P\u016bkenga, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152882","https://openalex.org/I49231182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022563756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152882","https://openalex.org/I49231182"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":1.3885,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8133243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"74","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nexus","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","score":0.8370991945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.44285696744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.36699533462524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.3516486883163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2258358597755432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.8370991945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.44285696744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.36699533462524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3516486883163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2258358597755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/74/pdf?version=1737637143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4f09b5210d241be848a03759bd312be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4f09b5210d241be848a03759bd312be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 74 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/74/pdf?version=1737637143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406780315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406780315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1735624423","https://openalex.org/W1770265488","https://openalex.org/W1790992405","https://openalex.org/W1848849065","https://openalex.org/W1971383313","https://openalex.org/W2019355621","https://openalex.org/W2036281662","https://openalex.org/W2050904362","https://openalex.org/W2092825592","https://openalex.org/W2096482578","https://openalex.org/W2113837099","https://openalex.org/W2133041606","https://openalex.org/W2141078480","https://openalex.org/W2146360602","https://openalex.org/W2157300266","https://openalex.org/W2220765911","https://openalex.org/W2297394298","https://openalex.org/W2344264840","https://openalex.org/W2493101627","https://openalex.org/W2494568628","https://openalex.org/W2566782773","https://openalex.org/W2604757269","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2756894420","https://openalex.org/W2767904478","https://openalex.org/W2779621466","https://openalex.org/W2787043779","https://openalex.org/W2801999919","https://openalex.org/W2892015643","https://openalex.org/W2892055712","https://openalex.org/W2904913176","https://openalex.org/W2911302184","https://openalex.org/W2912376539","https://openalex.org/W2954796911","https://openalex.org/W2956309089","https://openalex.org/W2964284054","https://openalex.org/W3007019751","https://openalex.org/W3009277170","https://openalex.org/W3014478041","https://openalex.org/W3019580086","https://openalex.org/W3080385657","https://openalex.org/W3121173944","https://openalex.org/W3121370091","https://openalex.org/W3122273224","https://openalex.org/W3122949697","https://openalex.org/W3123164189","https://openalex.org/W3124367734","https://openalex.org/W3124477224","https://openalex.org/W3124807495","https://openalex.org/W3124847302","https://openalex.org/W3125269576","https://openalex.org/W3125405027","https://openalex.org/W3125674538","https://openalex.org/W3125705127","https://openalex.org/W3145752940","https://openalex.org/W3160337361","https://openalex.org/W3170024807","https://openalex.org/W3175495494","https://openalex.org/W3186293894","https://openalex.org/W3198951081","https://openalex.org/W4223938698","https://openalex.org/W4225291175","https://openalex.org/W4230953566","https://openalex.org/W4237468537","https://openalex.org/W4306362562","https://openalex.org/W4311304925","https://openalex.org/W4312776902","https://openalex.org/W4320486392","https://openalex.org/W4379880763","https://openalex.org/W4386357402","https://openalex.org/W4386594069","https://openalex.org/W4388053587","https://openalex.org/W4389232790","https://openalex.org/W4391883673","https://openalex.org/W4392519835","https://openalex.org/W4395665680","https://openalex.org/W4400271126","https://openalex.org/W4402281139","https://openalex.org/W4402629983","https://openalex.org/W6603130605","https://openalex.org/W6637858508","https://openalex.org/W6689049559","https://openalex.org/W6735597627","https://openalex.org/W6741578984","https://openalex.org/W6748359710","https://openalex.org/W6758713164","https://openalex.org/W6765258774","https://openalex.org/W6775664262","https://openalex.org/W6805173792","https://openalex.org/W6848037068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3126909309","https://openalex.org/W4256360871","https://openalex.org/W2747100754","https://openalex.org/W3117832639","https://openalex.org/W2885513359","https://openalex.org/W2802787844","https://openalex.org/W1578170453","https://openalex.org/W2965101536","https://openalex.org/W2891178753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,16,53,145],"study":[1,17,54,94,146,157],"explores":[2],"the":[3,26,85,90,98,107,120,125,141,160,171,192,201,221],"magnitude":[4],"of":[5,109,132,173,188,200],"shareholders\u2019":[6,110],"say-on-pay":[7],"(SOP)":[8],"votes":[9,137],"and":[10,47,60,64,80,115,154,177,218,223],"its":[11,19],"impact":[12],"on":[13,165,208],"CEO":[14,67,182],"compensation.":[15,167],"draws":[18],"sample":[20,43],"from":[21,30],"US":[22,28],"Russell":[23,45,91,121,142],"3000":[24,46,143],"companies,":[25,29],"largest":[27],"2011":[31],"to":[32,159,191],"2019.":[33],"By":[34],"creating":[35],"a":[36,70,185,197],"dummy":[37],"variable,":[38],"we":[39],"further":[40],"divided":[41],"our":[42],"into":[44],"S&P":[48,86,126],"500":[49,87,127],"for":[50,84,89,119,124,140,150,216],"peer":[51],"comparison.":[52],"employs":[55],"descriptive":[56],"statistics,":[57],"correlation":[58],"analysis,":[59],"pooled":[61],"OLS":[62],"regression":[63],"finds":[65,96],"that":[66,97,179],"compensation":[68,183],"has":[69,147],"significant":[71],"negative":[72],"association":[73],"with":[74,106],"pay":[75,100,203],"gap":[76],"opposition.":[77],"The":[78,93,113,156],"coefficient":[79,114],"t-statistic":[81,116],"were":[82,117],"greater":[83,118],"than":[88,123],"group.":[92,128],"also":[95],"CEO-to-employee":[99,202],"ratio":[101],"(CTE)":[102],"is":[103,206],"positively":[104],"correlated":[105],"number":[108],"dissenting":[111],"votes.":[112],"group":[122],"Each":[129],"additional":[130],"point":[131],"CTE":[133],"increases":[134],"shareholder":[135],"dissent":[136],"by":[138],"1.4%":[139],"companies.":[144],"important":[148],"implications":[149],"corporate":[151,161],"directors,":[152],"investors,":[153],"policymakers.":[155],"contributes":[158],"governance":[162],"literature,":[163],"particularly":[164],"executive":[166],"Our":[168,211],"findings":[169,212],"support":[170],"perspective":[172],"social":[174],"comparison":[175],"theory":[176],"contend":[178],"shareholders":[180],"view":[181],"as":[184],"biased":[186],"evaluation":[187],"their":[189],"contribution":[190],"firm.":[193],"We":[194],"have":[195],"developed":[196],"unique":[198],"measure":[199],"ratio,":[204],"which":[205],"based":[207],"SEC":[209],"methodology.":[210],"provide":[213],"empirical":[214],"evidence":[215],"investors":[217],"policymakers":[219],"in":[220],"U.S.":[222],"other":[224],"jurisdictions.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}