{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404376150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110487","title":"Multi-Step Parking Demand Prediction Model Based on Multi-Graph Convolutional Transformer","display_name":"Multi-Step Parking Demand Prediction Model Based on Multi-Graph Convolutional Transformer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404376150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12110487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/11/487/pdf?version=1731514342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/11/487/pdf?version=1731514342","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yixiong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067689382","display_name":"Xiaofei Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University Road #2, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-4955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University Road #2, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042904790","display_name":"Xingchen Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingchen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-1482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101900533","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-9587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Transportation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Jinji Road 1#, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Transportation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Jinji Road 1#, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076006482","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-3712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-3712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067689382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.2494,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57446503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"487","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6557660102844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5773722529411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5224206447601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.52101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47825682163238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40060052275657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13767912983894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13267681002616882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09847161173820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09178850054740906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6557660102844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5773722529411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5224206447601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.52101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47825682163238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40060052275657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13767912983894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13267681002616882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09847161173820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09178850054740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12110487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/11/487/pdf?version=1731514342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a1e2d1a9419490cb1429e10327abbdb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a1e2d1a9419490cb1429e10327abbdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 487 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12110487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110487","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/11/487/pdf?version=1731514342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1145447492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D21013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1433285885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52262047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1516253031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52302388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1563798227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AD20159035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1968532172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20230853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3019639904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AAA0103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3407991363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJLY2023009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G399090628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210214-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4221085132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52272334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4611257378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52302388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733280032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AD20159035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5162281052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210214-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5209271755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AAA0103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7215552737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20230853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355352982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52262047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7880602272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52272334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7984849616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71971059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8461279454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71971059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8478406348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJLY2023009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848709962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61963011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8862599933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61963011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","funder_display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336630","display_name":"Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404376150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404376150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508065755","https://openalex.org/W2028489066","https://openalex.org/W2039754451","https://openalex.org/W2728445772","https://openalex.org/W2921115190","https://openalex.org/W2921241262","https://openalex.org/W2969279223","https://openalex.org/W2984877319","https://openalex.org/W3008295592","https://openalex.org/W3047386363","https://openalex.org/W3087969945","https://openalex.org/W3145905559","https://openalex.org/W3146908196","https://openalex.org/W4200104283","https://openalex.org/W4207043127","https://openalex.org/W4293194013","https://openalex.org/W4313216203","https://openalex.org/W4378907433","https://openalex.org/W4386607415","https://openalex.org/W4393011153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W2368431569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,114],"increase":[1],"in":[2,5,18,93,135],"motorized":[3],"vehicles":[4],"cities":[6],"and":[7,62,103,125,132],"the":[8,23,118,136],"inefficient":[9],"use":[10],"of":[11,26,129,140],"parking":[12,16,27,36,76,84,91,141],"spaces":[13],"have":[14],"exacerbated":[15],"difficulties":[17],"cities.":[19],"To":[20],"effectively":[21],"improve":[22],"utilization":[24],"rate":[25],"spaces,":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30],"necessary":[31],"to":[32,71,100,149],"accurately":[33,72],"predict":[34,73],"future":[35,74],"demand.":[37,77],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"a":[41,56,68,122],"deep":[42],"learning":[43],"model":[44,79,120],"based":[45],"on":[46],"multi-graph":[47],"convolutional":[48],"Transformer,":[49],"which":[50],"captures":[51],"geographic":[52],"spatial":[53],"features":[54],"through":[55,108],"Multi-Graph":[57],"Convolutional":[58],"Network":[59],"(MGCN)":[60],"module":[61,70],"mines":[63],"temporal":[64],"feature":[65],"patterns":[66],"using":[67,82],"Transformer":[69],"multi-step":[75,137],"was":[80,106],"validated":[81],"historical":[83],"transaction":[85],"volume":[86],"data":[87],"from":[88,97],"all":[89],"on-street":[90],"lots":[92],"Nanshan":[94],"District,":[95],"Shenzhen,":[96],"September":[98],"2018":[99],"March":[101],"2019,":[102],"its":[104,144],"superiority":[105],"verified":[107],"comparative":[109],"experiments":[110],"with":[111],"benchmark":[112,151],"models.":[113,152],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"MGCN\u2013Transformer":[119],"has":[121],"MAE,":[123],"RMSE,":[124],"R2":[126],"error":[127],"index":[128],"0.26,":[130],"0.42,":[131],"95.93%,":[133],"respectively,":[134],"prediction":[138],"task":[139],"demand,":[142],"demonstrating":[143],"superior":[145],"predictive":[146],"accuracy":[147],"compared":[148],"other":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
