{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401685402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306","title":"The Role of 4IR-5IR Leadership-Management in the Adoption of Formal Methods","display_name":"The Role of 4IR-5IR Leadership-Management in the Adoption of Formal Methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401685402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12080306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/8/306/pdf?version=1724719322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/8/306/pdf?version=1724719322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079866956","display_name":"John Andrew van der Poll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-7749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Andrew van der Poll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Transformation and Supply Chain Management, Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), Midrand Campus, University of South Africa (Unisa), P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-7749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Transformation and Supply Chain Management, Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL), Midrand Campus, University of South Africa (Unisa), P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079866956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":2.3619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90183345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"306","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4467660188674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4260004460811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3572183847427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2283693552017212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4467660188674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4260004460811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3572183847427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2283693552017212}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12080306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/8/306/pdf?version=1724719322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1df892877e34b2fabcd91f7f0c79802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1df892877e34b2fabcd91f7f0c79802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 306 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/12/8/306/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12080306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12080306","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/8/306/pdf?version=1724719322","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324956","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401685402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401685402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159348729","https://openalex.org/W1589207578","https://openalex.org/W1709433961","https://openalex.org/W1792124015","https://openalex.org/W1937598794","https://openalex.org/W2040372572","https://openalex.org/W2109930174","https://openalex.org/W2135024913","https://openalex.org/W2602686199","https://openalex.org/W2617307175","https://openalex.org/W2811472820","https://openalex.org/W2897333400","https://openalex.org/W2957208074","https://openalex.org/W2973204678","https://openalex.org/W3082634688","https://openalex.org/W3127629236","https://openalex.org/W3133056648","https://openalex.org/W3155054527","https://openalex.org/W3175856623","https://openalex.org/W3185191295","https://openalex.org/W4210418521","https://openalex.org/W4225381308","https://openalex.org/W4225763985","https://openalex.org/W4242389268","https://openalex.org/W4242434955","https://openalex.org/W4250762036","https://openalex.org/W4285251802","https://openalex.org/W4295260910","https://openalex.org/W4308547963","https://openalex.org/W4312118969","https://openalex.org/W4313405279","https://openalex.org/W4360802167","https://openalex.org/W4376954871","https://openalex.org/W4380988788","https://openalex.org/W4385983939","https://openalex.org/W4386160290","https://openalex.org/W4389100766","https://openalex.org/W4390503621","https://openalex.org/W4390503624","https://openalex.org/W4390503631","https://openalex.org/W4390604711","https://openalex.org/W4391906020","https://openalex.org/W4392000976","https://openalex.org/W4392499603","https://openalex.org/W4396214211","https://openalex.org/W4396651530","https://openalex.org/W4399262243","https://openalex.org/W4407877174","https://openalex.org/W6640606182","https://openalex.org/W7060995207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W2067108088","https://openalex.org/W2085372204","https://openalex.org/W4391301621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Formal":[0],"methods":[1],"(FMs)":[2],"have":[3,46],"been":[4,47],"cited":[5],"as":[6,68],"a":[7,34,58,91,108,112,145,165],"viable":[8],"methodology":[9],"for":[10,111],"developing":[11],"high-quality":[12],"software.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,22,41,51,64,81,125,190],"steep":[16],"learning":[17],"curve":[18],"in":[19,36,40,62,87,179,192],"efficiently":[20],"using":[21,140],"underlying":[23],"discrete":[24],"mathematics":[25],"and":[26,70,99,121,129,136,151,172,188],"logic":[27],"has":[28],"hindered":[29],"FMs\u2019":[30],"adoption,":[31,78],"leading":[32],"to":[33,49,106,163,168,170],"decline":[35,61],"their":[37],"initial":[38],"interest":[39],"1980s.":[42],"Traditionally,":[43],"technical":[44,173],"approaches":[45],"pursued":[48],"address":[50],"FMs":[52,67],"challenge.":[53],"Having":[54],"taken":[55],"cognisance":[56],"of":[57,75,83,101,116,132,148],"similar":[59],"pre-4IR":[60],"AI,":[63],"researcher":[65],"views":[66],"technology":[69,77,171],"considers":[71],"solutions":[72],"at":[73],"intersections":[74],"4IR-5IR":[76,113],"leveraged":[79],"by":[80],"support":[82],"governors,":[84],"termed":[85],"leadership-management":[86,114],"this":[88,180],"work.":[89],"Following":[90],"qualitative":[92,102],"research":[93],"choice,":[94],"scholarly":[95],"literature":[96],"is":[97,161],"reviewed,":[98],"sets":[100],"propositions":[103],"are":[104,122,127],"defined":[105],"develop":[107],"conceptual":[109],"framework":[110,126,160,191],"adoption":[115],"FMs.":[117],"Aspects":[118],"that":[119,143],"emerged":[120],"incorporated":[123],"into":[124],"cross-functional":[128],"executive":[130],"levels":[131],"leadership,":[133],"transformative,":[134],"adaptive,":[135],"servant":[137],"leadership":[138,167],"styles,":[139],"FM":[141],"tools":[142],"embed":[144],"high":[146],"level":[147],"user":[149],"experience,":[150],"4IR":[152],"technologies,":[153],"augmented":[154],"with":[155],"5IR":[156],"human":[157],"aspects.":[158],"The":[159],"hoped":[162],"motivate":[164],"company\u2019s":[166],"contribute":[169],"ICT-based":[174],"decision-making":[175],"increasingly.":[176],"Future":[177],"work":[178],"area":[181],"would":[182],"involve":[183],"securing":[184],"input":[185],"from":[186],"practitioners":[187],"exercising":[189],"an":[193],"industrial":[194],"setting.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
