{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398781602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184","title":"Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology\u2013Organization\u2013Environment Framework Approach","display_name":"Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology\u2013Organization\u2013Environment Framework Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398781602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12060184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014552028","display_name":"Sung Yong An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-5612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173439891","display_name":"HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/01xkakk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130430780","display_name":"Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02xj62754","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}],"countries":["CH","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Yong An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Fribourg, The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland","Seoul Business School, aSSIST University, Seoul 03767, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-5612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Fribourg, The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul Business School, aSSIST University, Seoul 03767, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034480534","display_name":"Guy Major Ngayo Fotso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173439891","display_name":"HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/01xkakk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Ngayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Fribourg, The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-1258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Fribourg, The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028039373","display_name":"Seng-Phil Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130430780","display_name":"Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02xj62754","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seng-Phil Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of AI, aSSIST University, Seoul 03767, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-7313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of AI, aSSIST University, Seoul 03767, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028039373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":2.2767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87800597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"184","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9277999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8005813360214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5661443471908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5257314443588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.48991960287094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceramic","display_name":"Ceramic","score":0.48614928126335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4740324318408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3638305068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35227078199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3444361388683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.18662041425704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16152548789978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.088742196559906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8005813360214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5661443471908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5257314443588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.48991960287094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.48614928126335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4740324318408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3638305068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35227078199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3444361388683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18662041425704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16152548789978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.088742196559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12060184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56348e78142547a587194fccd88bf1e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56348e78142547a587194fccd88bf1e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 184 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12060184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82857949","https://openalex.org/W1467526212","https://openalex.org/W1584638633","https://openalex.org/W1979852781","https://openalex.org/W2028588476","https://openalex.org/W2029278175","https://openalex.org/W2034960640","https://openalex.org/W2037023284","https://openalex.org/W2054383636","https://openalex.org/W2063966319","https://openalex.org/W2096325855","https://openalex.org/W2344836928","https://openalex.org/W2560270034","https://openalex.org/W2900117741","https://openalex.org/W2941702032","https://openalex.org/W2966408261","https://openalex.org/W2966486455","https://openalex.org/W2995236720","https://openalex.org/W2997931048","https://openalex.org/W3026228163","https://openalex.org/W3082200144","https://openalex.org/W3082793360","https://openalex.org/W3084902972","https://openalex.org/W3096969258","https://openalex.org/W3111615757","https://openalex.org/W3129311377","https://openalex.org/W3139279045","https://openalex.org/W3155575870","https://openalex.org/W3169718328","https://openalex.org/W3174250838","https://openalex.org/W3197183353","https://openalex.org/W3202836246","https://openalex.org/W3204802344","https://openalex.org/W3205559072","https://openalex.org/W3209702772","https://openalex.org/W4200207927","https://openalex.org/W4210345960","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4223606824","https://openalex.org/W4225151927","https://openalex.org/W4225277733","https://openalex.org/W4226134617","https://openalex.org/W4285202121","https://openalex.org/W4293526675","https://openalex.org/W4311053765","https://openalex.org/W4311103158","https://openalex.org/W4312063065","https://openalex.org/W4313646912","https://openalex.org/W4317514372","https://openalex.org/W4320496187","https://openalex.org/W4323358482","https://openalex.org/W4360979987","https://openalex.org/W4366773114","https://openalex.org/W4384202798","https://openalex.org/W4384787869","https://openalex.org/W4385627235","https://openalex.org/W4387223406","https://openalex.org/W4387573037","https://openalex.org/W4388041041","https://openalex.org/W4388912306","https://openalex.org/W4388938927","https://openalex.org/W4389227004","https://openalex.org/W4392861875","https://openalex.org/W6628479764","https://openalex.org/W6659242928","https://openalex.org/W6796220632","https://openalex.org/W6848591692","https://openalex.org/W7045194823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,185,303],"study":[1,304],"used":[2,35,111,137],"a":[3,62,166,205,232,291],"technology\u2013organization\u2013environment":[4],"(TOE)":[5],"framework":[6,160],"as":[7,112],"the":[8,14,21,39,46,51,66,87,92,98,113,117,126,140,150,158,172,175,179,191,219,223,238,245,266,276,284,288,298,306,316,328,354,358,366,372],"primary":[9],"analytical":[10,168],"tool":[11,169],"to":[12,36,89,138,336,340,351,353],"explore":[13],"burgeoning":[15],"capabilities":[16],"of":[17,23,48,57,68,97,119,143,152,157,174,208,226,234,241,247,260,268,278,295,300,311,327,331,357,368,374],"blockchain":[18,49,153,301,313,369],"technology":[19,314,370],"in":[20,65,178,222,244,371],"area":[22],"5G":[24,69,180,227,317,375],"ceramic":[25,58,99,181,228,248,318,376],"antenna":[26,100,182,229,249,319],"development.":[27],"A":[28],"causal":[29],"loop":[30],"diagram":[31],"(CLD)":[32],"analysis":[33,135,213,225],"is":[34,71],"further":[37],"clarify":[38],"complex":[40,176],"dynamics":[41,177],"and":[42,45,54,83,95,107,116,123,146,163,196,254,262,271,308,344],"feedback":[43],"mechanisms,":[44],"impact":[47],"on":[50],"design,":[52],"production,":[53],"deployment":[55],"phases":[56],"antennas,":[59],"which":[60,236],"play":[61],"pivotal":[63],"role":[64,240],"development":[67,246],"communications,":[70],"studied.":[72],"We":[73],"found":[74],"that":[75,170,215],"blockchain\u2019s":[76],"unique":[77],"features,":[78],"including":[79],"its":[80],"immutable":[81],"ledger":[82],"decentralized":[84],"architecture,":[85],"have":[86],"potential":[88,329],"significantly":[90],"improve":[91,341],"transparency,":[93],"security,":[94],"efficiency":[96],"manufacturing":[101,183,320,345],"process.":[102,184],"Technology":[103,279],"(T),":[104,280],"organization":[105],"(O),":[106],"environment":[108],"(E)":[109],"were":[110,121,257],"top":[114],"factors,":[115],"subfactors":[118],"TOE":[120,159,224],"selected":[122],"analyzed":[124],"using":[125],"Analytic":[127],"Hierarchy":[128],"Process":[129],"(AHP)":[130],"by":[131,361],"CLD.":[132],"The":[133,155,211,347],"AHP":[134,162,212],"was":[136],"evaluate":[139],"relative":[141],"importance":[142,267,299],"various":[144],"internal":[145,272],"external":[147],"factors":[148,198,217,243,256],"affecting":[149],"adoption":[151],"technology.":[154,302],"integration":[156],"with":[161,231,290],"CLD":[164],"provides":[165],"comprehensive":[167],"enhances":[171],"understanding":[173],"methodological":[186],"approach":[187],"not":[188],"only":[189],"clarifies":[190],"interactions":[192],"between":[193],"technological,":[194],"organizational,":[195],"environmental":[197,253],"but":[199],"also":[200],"facilitates":[201],"strategic":[202,363],"decision-making":[203],"through":[204,323],"structured":[206],"evaluation":[207],"these":[209],"factors.":[210],"showed":[214],"technical":[216,242,307],"are":[218],"most":[220],"important":[221,239],"manufacturing,":[230],"weight":[233,293],"0.427,":[235],"indicates":[237],"production.":[250],"In":[251,275],"addition,":[252],"organizational":[255,309],"given":[258],"weights":[259],"0.302":[261],"0.271,":[263],"respectively,":[264],"confirming":[265],"technological":[269],"innovation":[270],"process":[273],"optimization.":[274],"subfactor":[277],"\u2018Blockchain":[281],"Technology\u2019":[282],"has":[283],"highest":[285],"ranking":[286],"among":[287],"subfactors,":[289],"global":[292],"value":[294],"0.129,":[296],"emphasizing":[297],"explored":[305],"complexities":[310],"introducing":[312],"into":[315],"industry":[321,360],"and,":[322],"an":[324],"in-depth":[325],"investigation":[326],"benefits":[330],"such":[332],"integration,":[333],"it":[334],"aims":[335],"propose":[337],"new":[338],"approaches":[339],"quality":[342],"control":[343],"efficiency.":[346],"research":[348],"findings":[349],"aim":[350],"contribute":[352],"sustainable":[355],"growth":[356],"telecommunications":[359],"providing":[362],"recommendations":[364],"for":[365],"application":[367],"production":[373],"antennas.":[377]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}