{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392698773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030092","title":"Methods for Coordinating Optimization of Urban Building Clusters and District Energy Systems","display_name":"Methods for Coordinating Optimization of Urban Building Clusters and District Energy Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392698773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12030092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/3/92/pdf?version=1710256646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/3/92/pdf?version=1710256646","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020470450","display_name":"Peng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-3668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055203023","display_name":"Yi\u2010Sheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-1947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020470450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.7243,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67302916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"92","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7588611841201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6379022598266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.6331321001052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5821108818054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-energy-building","display_name":"Zero-energy building","score":0.5581287145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-engineering","display_name":"Energy engineering","score":0.5254002213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4890230596065521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-planning","display_name":"Energy planning","score":0.4751018285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.46450918912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-supply","display_name":"Energy supply","score":0.44794347882270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44357430934906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3936813771724701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.28793537616729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22760209441184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.20360234379768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0953441858291626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7588611841201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6379022598266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.6331321001052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5821108818054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184978287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896121","display_name":"Zero-energy building","level":3,"score":0.5581287145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520343842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3353193","display_name":"Energy engineering","level":3,"score":0.5254002213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4890230596065521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778834244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377181","display_name":"Energy planning","level":3,"score":0.4751018285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.46450918912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341477","display_name":"Energy supply","level":3,"score":0.44794347882270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44357430934906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3936813771724701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28793537616729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22760209441184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.20360234379768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0953441858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12030092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/3/92/pdf?version=1710256646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:759f672ed9174a169d4dee7db6d25a11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/759f672ed9174a169d4dee7db6d25a11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 92 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems12030092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12030092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/12/3/92/pdf?version=1710256646","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392698773.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32150173","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2469115065","https://openalex.org/W2782567681","https://openalex.org/W2886803232","https://openalex.org/W2891325746","https://openalex.org/W2909282451","https://openalex.org/W2980269266","https://openalex.org/W3006325104","https://openalex.org/W3018948920","https://openalex.org/W3082252529","https://openalex.org/W3133980649","https://openalex.org/W3182793133","https://openalex.org/W4229017183","https://openalex.org/W4293243581","https://openalex.org/W4324132487","https://openalex.org/W4367301975","https://openalex.org/W4384525991","https://openalex.org/W4387864971","https://openalex.org/W6601344527","https://openalex.org/W6753845240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079697372","https://openalex.org/W4321463441","https://openalex.org/W2988357765","https://openalex.org/W2171433513","https://openalex.org/W3212655747","https://openalex.org/W3165486543","https://openalex.org/W2203370806","https://openalex.org/W3136928613","https://openalex.org/W4200350112","https://openalex.org/W3134560372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,22,31,45,80,96,118,128,138,148,157,194],"face":[2],"of":[3,25,33,98,133,140,159,167,196],"increasingly":[4],"severe":[5],"global":[6],"climate":[7],"change,":[8],"achieving":[9,201],"zero-carbon":[10,42],"development":[11,43],"goals":[12],"has":[13],"gradually":[14],"become":[15],"a":[16,121,180,202],"consensus":[17],"across":[18],"various":[19],"industries.":[20],"Enhancing":[21],"electrification":[23],"level":[24],"building":[26,64,99,107,153,160,168,197],"energy":[27,35,54,68,75,87,100,114,135,142,161,176,189,198],"use":[28],"and":[29,57,66,77,111,131,163,174,206],"increasing":[30],"proportion":[32],"renewable":[34,113,175],"applications":[36],"are":[37,92],"primary":[38],"means":[39],"to":[40,94,105,179],"achieve":[41],"in":[44],"construction":[46,139],"sector,":[47],"which":[48],"also":[49],"imposes":[50],"higher":[51],"demands":[52],"on":[53,62],"system":[55],"planning":[56,123],"operation.":[58],"This":[59],"study":[60],"focuses":[61],"urban":[63,152],"clusters":[65,154,169],"district":[67,134,188],"systems,":[69],"proposing":[70],"coordinated":[71],"optimization":[72,149,185],"methods":[73,104,150],"for":[74,127,151,187],"supply":[76,119],"demand.":[78],"On":[79,117],"demand":[81],"side,":[82,120],"strategies":[83],"such":[84],"as":[85],"utilizing":[86],"storage":[88,143],"from":[89],"electric":[90],"vehicles":[91],"applied":[93],"enhance":[95,171],"flexibility":[97,158],"use,":[101,162],"along":[102],"with":[103],"improve":[106,156],"load":[108,172],"leveling":[109,173],"rates":[110,178],"increase":[112],"penetration":[115,177],"rates.":[116],"dual-layer":[122,184],"method":[124,186],"is":[125],"proposed":[126],"optimal":[129],"configuration":[130],"operation":[132],"systems":[136,190],"considering":[137],"shared":[141],"stations.":[144],"Results":[145],"indicate":[146],"that":[147],"significantly":[155],"different":[164],"functional":[165],"compositions":[166],"can":[170,191],"certain":[181],"extent.":[182],"The":[183],"further":[192],"exploit":[193],"potential":[195],"flexibility,":[199],"thereby":[200],"balance":[203],"between":[204],"economic":[205],"environmental":[207],"benefits.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}