{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388830409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554","title":"Critical Thinking Skills Enhancement through System Dynamics-Based Games: Insights from the Project Management Board Game Project","display_name":"Critical Thinking Skills Enhancement through System Dynamics-Based Games: Insights from the Project Management Board Game Project","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388830409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/554/pdf?version=1700378499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/554/pdf?version=1700378499","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070711213","display_name":"Federico Barnab\u00e8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-7395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Barnab\u00e8","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Studi Aziendali e Giuridici, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Studi Aziendali e Giuridici, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088229382","display_name":"Stefano Armenia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-4004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Armenia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, IUL of Florence, 50122 Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, IUL of Florence, 50122 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067043615","display_name":"Sarfraz Nazir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7925-8597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarfraz Nazir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Aziendali e Diritto per l\u2019Economia, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Aziendali e Diritto per l'Economia, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Aziendali e Diritto per l\u2019Economia, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Aziendali e Diritto per l'Economia, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053416664","display_name":"Alessandro Pompei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-0979"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Pompei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Defense Studies (CASD), Defense Analysis and Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Defense Studies (CASD), Defense Analysis and Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070711213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.4924,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8984262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"554","last_page":"554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"Project-based learning","score":0.5606367588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5598670244216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"Critical thinking","score":0.5432021617889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-thinking","display_name":"Systems thinking","score":0.5202023386955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debriefing","display_name":"Debriefing","score":0.4818088412284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rework","display_name":"Rework","score":0.4374935030937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-management","display_name":"Project management","score":0.42288443446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.39607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3719745874404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.23878136277198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22133228182792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17853575944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.11677935719490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09606382250785828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779825147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753447","display_name":"Project-based learning","level":2,"score":0.5606367588043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5598670244216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.5432021617889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.5202023386955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202695956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2669680","display_name":"Debriefing","level":2,"score":0.4818088412284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2147046","display_name":"Rework","level":2,"score":0.4374935030937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.42288443446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.39607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3719745874404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.23878136277198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22133228182792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17853575944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.11677935719490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09606382250785828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/554/pdf?version=1700378499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1709769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1709769","pdf_url":"https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1709769/1/Barnab%c3%a9_Critical_2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/1273015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1273015","pdf_url":"https://usiena-air.unisi.it/bitstream/11365/1273015/2/systems-11-00554-with-cover.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6751a9690688469eb1575a69574b0065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6751a9690688469eb1575a69574b0065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 554 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/11/11/554/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/554/pdf?version=1700378499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388830409.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58828132","https://openalex.org/W1428487783","https://openalex.org/W1527045254","https://openalex.org/W1617537679","https://openalex.org/W1842395956","https://openalex.org/W1967670166","https://openalex.org/W1983959781","https://openalex.org/W2001091388","https://openalex.org/W2009034373","https://openalex.org/W2031906988","https://openalex.org/W2032272899","https://openalex.org/W2045461171","https://openalex.org/W2049674155","https://openalex.org/W2054391580","https://openalex.org/W2059206267","https://openalex.org/W2059446028","https://openalex.org/W2070080991","https://openalex.org/W2072819533","https://openalex.org/W2074109300","https://openalex.org/W2077842969","https://openalex.org/W2081885650","https://openalex.org/W2089172200","https://openalex.org/W2091399230","https://openalex.org/W2097425870","https://openalex.org/W2100342529","https://openalex.org/W2101268932","https://openalex.org/W2105948148","https://openalex.org/W2116029977","https://openalex.org/W2116431199","https://openalex.org/W2119092499","https://openalex.org/W2126887535","https://openalex.org/W2143309829","https://openalex.org/W2176103292","https://openalex.org/W2223534373","https://openalex.org/W2490076625","https://openalex.org/W2493303767","https://openalex.org/W2526387979","https://openalex.org/W2551811300","https://openalex.org/W2597080375","https://openalex.org/W2732682015","https://openalex.org/W2734425872","https://openalex.org/W2887374413","https://openalex.org/W2955369826","https://openalex.org/W2960690076","https://openalex.org/W2975959318","https://openalex.org/W2983098715","https://openalex.org/W2989891972","https://openalex.org/W2992791253","https://openalex.org/W3024306488","https://openalex.org/W4231809454","https://openalex.org/W4233522785","https://openalex.org/W4242602104","https://openalex.org/W4244292313","https://openalex.org/W4250461442","https://openalex.org/W4291784752","https://openalex.org/W4313196600","https://openalex.org/W4385874582","https://openalex.org/W6631518954","https://openalex.org/W6658551205","https://openalex.org/W6677219316","https://openalex.org/W6679022275","https://openalex.org/W6685265985","https://openalex.org/W6734852417","https://openalex.org/W6753971884","https://openalex.org/W6765397994","https://openalex.org/W6770248380","https://openalex.org/W6777414212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137196920","https://openalex.org/W2141256500","https://openalex.org/W1996013892","https://openalex.org/W2416870407","https://openalex.org/W3004377597","https://openalex.org/W2046487379","https://openalex.org/W2016750656","https://openalex.org/W2946478274","https://openalex.org/W2081374963","https://openalex.org/W2998681569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,27],"aims":[2],"to":[3,40,71,81,186],"explore":[4],"and":[5,12,56,77,125,160,173,177,188,198,206],"discuss":[6],"the":[7,26,30,59,74,111,121,153,167,184,190,210],"role":[8],"of":[9,32,61,88,141,146,170,192,212],"systems":[10,46,174],"thinking":[11,19,90,175,194],"system":[13,34,108,171],"dynamics-assisted":[14],"games":[15],"in":[16,21,58,92,96,110,196,209],"enhancing":[17],"critical":[18,89,193],"skills":[20,91,195],"learners.":[22],"In":[23],"more":[24],"detail,":[25],"relies":[28],"on":[29],"use":[31,169],"a":[33,62,83,106,180],"dynamics-based":[35],"interactive":[36,51],"learning":[37,52],"environment":[38,53,182],"related":[39],"project":[41,147,151,156,213],"management":[42,148,214],"issues,":[43],"followed":[44],"by":[45,127],"thinking-supported":[47],"debriefing":[48],"sessions.":[49],"The":[50,67,86,163],"was":[54,69,94,123],"developed":[55],"used":[57],"form":[60],"single-player,":[63],"online,":[64],"computer-based":[65],"game.":[66],"game":[68,112],"designed":[70],"mimic":[72],"all":[73],"necessary":[75],"planning":[76],"operational":[78],"activities":[79],"needed":[80],"organize":[82],"wedding":[84],"ceremony.":[85],"acquisition":[87,191],"learners":[93,197],"evaluated":[95],"three":[97],"main":[98,139],"ways:":[99],"(1)":[100],"players\u2019":[101,133],"performances":[102,134],"were":[103,135],"analyzed":[104,126,136],"through":[105],"scoring":[107],"embedded":[109],"that":[113,143,166],"considers":[114],"several":[115],"performance":[116],"dimensions;":[117],"(2)":[118],"feedback":[119],"from":[120],"players":[122],"collected":[124],"using":[128,137],"basic":[129],"content":[130],"analysis;":[131],"(3)":[132],"five":[138],"categories":[140],"structures":[142],"are":[144],"typical":[145],"domains,":[149],"i.e.,":[150],"features,":[152],"rework":[154],"cycle,":[155],"control,":[157],"ripple":[158],"effects,":[159],"knock-on":[161],"effects.":[162],"findings":[164],"show":[165],"joint":[168],"dynamics":[172],"tools":[176],"principles":[178],"within":[179],"gaming":[181],"has":[183],"potential":[185],"facilitate":[187],"enhance":[189],"may":[199],"also":[200],"provide":[201],"valid":[202],"support":[203],"for":[204],"educators":[205],"practitioners":[207],"interested":[208],"enhancement":[211],"skills.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}