{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388333412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110538","title":"Estimating Benefits of Microtransit for Social Determinants of Health: A Social Return on Investment System Dynamics Model","display_name":"Estimating Benefits of Microtransit for Social Determinants of Health: A Social Return on Investment System Dynamics Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388333412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/538/pdf?version=1699092321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/538/pdf?version=1699092321","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088842139","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-3046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750340, Dallas, TX 75275-0340, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750340, Dallas, TX 75275-0340, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064449666","display_name":"Janille Smith\u2010Colin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-4154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janille Smith-Colin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750340, Dallas, TX 75275-0340, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-4154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750340, Dallas, TX 75275-0340, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064449666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.8972,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85995658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"538","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-loop-diagram","display_name":"Causal loop diagram","score":0.9513250589370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"Return on investment","score":0.5248551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.4603009819984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"Social determinants of health","score":0.45721766352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4562361240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.42492786049842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.42046573758125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.3812863826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.3698485791683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.32924407720565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.28951001167297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21799588203430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.20026469230651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15892332792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.13296917080879211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144400606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412982","display_name":"Causal loop diagram","level":3,"score":0.9513250589370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.5248551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4603009819984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.45721766352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4562361240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42492786049842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.42046573758125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3812863826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3698485791683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.32924407720565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28951001167297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21799588203430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.20026469230651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15892332792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.13296917080879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/538/pdf?version=1699092321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec6c7e2417c34e85b48018ca9988cbf3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec6c7e2417c34e85b48018ca9988cbf3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 538 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11110538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11110538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/11/538/pdf?version=1699092321","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G545752392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2000012306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306105","funder_display_name":"Transportation Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306105","display_name":"Transportation Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311418","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332896","display_name":"Gulf Research Program","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388333412.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503978586","https://openalex.org/W1744787401","https://openalex.org/W1982094103","https://openalex.org/W2017145042","https://openalex.org/W2025541244","https://openalex.org/W2030949713","https://openalex.org/W2046483276","https://openalex.org/W2054948300","https://openalex.org/W2057106771","https://openalex.org/W2095343145","https://openalex.org/W2132988777","https://openalex.org/W2161676762","https://openalex.org/W2187145421","https://openalex.org/W2291318674","https://openalex.org/W2409339517","https://openalex.org/W2435375195","https://openalex.org/W2491811284","https://openalex.org/W2553587076","https://openalex.org/W2561560771","https://openalex.org/W2579291389","https://openalex.org/W2580881166","https://openalex.org/W2794942755","https://openalex.org/W2883925073","https://openalex.org/W2898596759","https://openalex.org/W2900667553","https://openalex.org/W2913694814","https://openalex.org/W2964338138","https://openalex.org/W2969780222","https://openalex.org/W3004760699","https://openalex.org/W3010598793","https://openalex.org/W3011974811","https://openalex.org/W3015492143","https://openalex.org/W3041694376","https://openalex.org/W3043011547","https://openalex.org/W3043791682","https://openalex.org/W3094775311","https://openalex.org/W3115319686","https://openalex.org/W3134203693","https://openalex.org/W3162281759","https://openalex.org/W3163263468","https://openalex.org/W3185351392","https://openalex.org/W3199929841","https://openalex.org/W4292831421","https://openalex.org/W4312082683","https://openalex.org/W6654744021","https://openalex.org/W6687151670","https://openalex.org/W6723003947","https://openalex.org/W6750012708","https://openalex.org/W6756390608","https://openalex.org/W6775244409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3105963488","https://openalex.org/W2461628653","https://openalex.org/W2154418186","https://openalex.org/W4320028870","https://openalex.org/W3204944752","https://openalex.org/W4390053504","https://openalex.org/W2264413734","https://openalex.org/W1517668147","https://openalex.org/W2910884376","https://openalex.org/W3048443160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lack":[0],"of":[1,18,29,82,185,205,236],"transportation":[2,38],"services":[3],"in":[4,32,86,179,207],"low-income":[5,183],"communities":[6],"greatly":[7],"affects":[8],"people\u2019s":[9],"health":[10,19],"and":[11,96,101,117,137,152,168],"well-being,":[12],"creating":[13],"barriers":[14],"to":[15,54,77,148,158,229],"social":[16,59,80,127,170,231],"determinants":[17],"(SDOH).":[20],"One":[21],"potential":[22],"solution":[23],"that":[24,219],"has":[25],"gained":[26,130],"the":[27,52,79,94,123,132,144,150,182,195,203,210],"attention":[28],"US":[30],"decision-makers":[31],"recent":[33],"years":[34],"is":[35,110],"microtransit,":[36],"a":[37,66,83,104,118,190,215,234],"intervention":[39],"aimed":[40],"at":[41],"addressing":[42],"this":[43],"issue.":[44],"Despite":[45],"promising":[46],"results":[47],"from":[48,131,143,177],"prior":[49],"microtransit":[50,84,133,180],"implementation,":[51],"extent":[53],"which":[55,126],"these":[56],"programs":[57],"deliver":[58],"benefits":[60,81,128,232],"remains":[61],"uncertain.":[62],"This":[63],"study":[64],"presents":[65],"novel":[67],"model":[68,92],"called":[69],"Social":[70],"Return":[71],"on":[72,114,223],"Investment":[73],"System":[74],"Dynamics":[75],"(SROISD)":[76],"forecast":[78],"program":[85],"Holmes":[87],"County,":[88],"Mississippi.":[89],"The":[90],"SROISD":[91,211],"identifies":[93],"scope":[95],"key":[97],"stakeholders,":[98],"maps":[99],"outcomes,":[100],"gives":[102],"outcomes":[103,116],"value.":[105],"A":[106],"causal":[107,145],"loop":[108,146],"diagram":[109,147],"developed":[111],"next":[112],"based":[113],"mapped":[115,156],"literature":[119],"review,":[120],"thereby":[121],"conceptualizing":[122],"processes":[124],"through":[125],"are":[129,140],"program.":[134],"Three":[135],"stock":[136],"flow":[138],"diagrams":[139],"then":[141],"created":[142],"formulate":[149],"system":[151,227],"produce":[153],"results.":[154],"Outcomes":[155],"relative":[157],"three":[159],"SDOH":[160],"areas":[161],"(1)":[162],"accessing":[163,166],"healthcare,":[164],"(2)":[165],"employment,":[167],"(3)":[169],"participation":[171],"indicate":[172],"an":[173],"overall":[174],"positive":[175,192],"return":[176,222],"investing":[178,206],"within":[181],"community":[184],"interest.":[186],"Additionally,":[187,209],"ridesharing":[188],"demonstrates":[189],"significant":[191],"correlation":[193],"with":[194,226],"SROI":[196],"ratio.":[197],"These":[198],"findings":[199],"offer":[200],"support":[201],"for":[202],"advantages":[204],"microtransit.":[208],"methodology":[212],"offers":[213],"decisionmakers":[214],"dynamically":[216],"responsive":[217],"approach":[218],"integrates":[220],"traditional":[221],"investment":[224],"methodologies":[225],"dynamics":[228],"explore":[230],"across":[233],"variety":[235],"impact":[237],"categories.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}