{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380088975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294","title":"Measuring Patent Similarity Based on Text Mining and Image Recognition","display_name":"Measuring Patent Similarity Based on Text Mining and Image Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380088975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11060294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/6/294/pdf?version=1686214941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/6/294/pdf?version=1686214941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059632718","display_name":"Wenguang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenguang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009506253","display_name":"Wenqiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-1856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035421891","display_name":"Renbin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-2734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renbin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-2734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035421891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":6.266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95828622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"294","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-visualisation","display_name":"Patent visualisation","score":0.6665200591087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6571270227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.608988344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5334674715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.49363720417022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4588225185871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.455204039812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.45461803674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4444635212421417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.443952351808548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.43949854373931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.42334532737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4221656322479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-infringement","display_name":"Patent infringement","score":0.4107345938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3466576933860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.25204336643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2298286259174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14458906650543213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114419676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505871","display_name":"Patent visualisation","level":2,"score":0.6665200591087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6571270227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.608988344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5334674715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49363720417022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4588225185871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.455204039812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.45461803674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4444635212421417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.443952351808548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43949854373931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.42334532737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4221656322479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777029862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144498","display_name":"Patent infringement","level":3,"score":0.4107345938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3466576933860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.25204336643218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2298286259174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14458906650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11060294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/6/294/pdf?version=1686214941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:086a240e6c204cb08caf60e53302115b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/086a240e6c204cb08caf60e53302115b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 294 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/11/6/294/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11060294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/6/294/pdf?version=1686214941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1377163058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FJ2021B128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5442275521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52275249","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380088975.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76920472","https://openalex.org/W1558964055","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1968287986","https://openalex.org/W1979285209","https://openalex.org/W1987550536","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2020986551","https://openalex.org/W2024814354","https://openalex.org/W2054928183","https://openalex.org/W2065429153","https://openalex.org/W2066294789","https://openalex.org/W2068496370","https://openalex.org/W2079908882","https://openalex.org/W2091812280","https://openalex.org/W2115193009","https://openalex.org/W2116046277","https://openalex.org/W2119823327","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2136374447","https://openalex.org/W2139577851","https://openalex.org/W2142707712","https://openalex.org/W2144836956","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2148861411","https://openalex.org/W2183138901","https://openalex.org/W2508865106","https://openalex.org/W2510940142","https://openalex.org/W2530176652","https://openalex.org/W2567027826","https://openalex.org/W2748006193","https://openalex.org/W2810303953","https://openalex.org/W2894718730","https://openalex.org/W2902592749","https://openalex.org/W2918198381","https://openalex.org/W2962992342","https://openalex.org/W2997483995","https://openalex.org/W3007096683","https://openalex.org/W3008608233","https://openalex.org/W3014536231","https://openalex.org/W3103443220","https://openalex.org/W3118222090","https://openalex.org/W3121856749","https://openalex.org/W3126102857","https://openalex.org/W3213121620","https://openalex.org/W4224093014","https://openalex.org/W4229010550","https://openalex.org/W4233525735","https://openalex.org/W4251326898","https://openalex.org/W4313646685","https://openalex.org/W4318830512","https://openalex.org/W4321497560","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6686223920","https://openalex.org/W6728126303","https://openalex.org/W7052832805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319693127","https://openalex.org/W2072263576","https://openalex.org/W2474567666","https://openalex.org/W2790658443","https://openalex.org/W1940044583","https://openalex.org/W2056226831","https://openalex.org/W2806903871","https://openalex.org/W4320802053","https://openalex.org/W2482357073","https://openalex.org/W1802055293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patent":[0],"application":[1],"is":[2,20,71,162,180,189,197],"one":[3],"of":[4,45,49,56,87,93,151,173,204,210,220,227],"the":[5,21,28,53,85,90,105,149,157,165,170,174,177,185,194,201,211,225],"important":[6],"ways":[7],"to":[8,26,38,115,147,168],"protect":[9,39],"innovation":[10],"achievements":[11,92],"that":[12],"have":[13],"great":[14],"commercial":[15],"value":[16],"for":[17,24,164,182],"enterprises;":[18],"it":[19],"initial":[22],"step":[23],"enterprises":[25],"set":[27],"business":[29],"development":[30],"track,":[31],"as":[32,34],"well":[33],"a":[35,46,144,217],"powerful":[36],"means":[37],"their":[40],"core":[41],"competitiveness.":[42],"The":[43,206],"emergence":[44],"large":[47,218],"amount":[48],"patent":[50,57,61,69,94,102,117,134,152,166,186,195,221],"data":[51,58],"makes":[52],"effective":[54,101,171],"detection":[55,70,103],"difficult,":[59],"and":[60,74,76,96,100,133,154,176,191,208],"infringement":[62],"cases":[63,223],"occur":[64],"frequently.":[65],"Manual":[66],"measurement":[67],"in":[68,83,224],"slow,":[72],"costly,":[73],"subjective,":[75],"can":[77],"only":[78],"play":[79],"an":[80],"auxiliary":[81],"role":[82],"measuring":[84],"validity":[86],"patents.":[88],"Protecting":[89],"inventive":[91],"holders":[95],"realizing":[97],"more":[98],"accurate":[99],"were":[104],"issues":[106],"explored":[107],"by":[108,199,215],"academics.":[109],"There":[110],"are":[111,213],"five":[112],"main":[113],"methods":[114],"measure":[116],"similarity:":[118],"clustering-based":[119],"method,":[120,125,129,132],"vector":[121],"space":[122],"model":[123],"(VSM)-based":[124],"subject\u2013action\u2013object":[126],"(SAO)":[127],"structure-based":[128,135],"deep":[130],"learning-based":[131],"method.":[136],"To":[137],"solve":[138],"this":[139,141],"problem,":[140],"paper":[142],"proposes":[143],"calculation":[145],"method":[146],"fuse":[148],"similarity":[150,196,222],"text":[153,167],"image.":[155],"Firstly,":[156],"SAO":[158,178],"structure":[159,179],"extraction":[160],"technique":[161],"used":[163],"obtain":[169],"content":[172],"text,":[175],"compared":[181],"similarity;":[183],"secondly,":[184],"image":[187],"information":[188],"extracted":[190],"compared;":[192],"finally,":[193],"obtained":[198],"fusing":[200],"two":[202],"aspects":[203],"information.":[205],"feasibility":[207],"effectiveness":[209],"scheme":[212],"proven":[214],"studying":[216],"number":[219],"field":[226],"mechanical":[228],"structures.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}