{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321495910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114","title":"Does Artificial Intelligence Promote or Inhibit On-the-Job Learning? Human Reactions to AI at Work","display_name":"Does Artificial Intelligence Promote or Inhibit On-the-Job Learning? Human Reactions to AI at Work","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321495910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11030114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/3/114/pdf?version=1677058377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/3/114/pdf?version=1677058377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323145","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-7535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385416","display_name":"Yuhan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HSBC Business School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HSBC Business School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009188723","display_name":"Xiaoru Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-3075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoru Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101459217","display_name":"Feier Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2366-6338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feier Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103128310","display_name":"Mengli Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-7722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100323145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":19.1969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99349905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"114","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deskilling","display_name":"Deskilling","score":0.8189131021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.47456246614456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4282990097999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.33547329902648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2885844111442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25364917516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.18412768840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13238656520843506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779944411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264558","display_name":"Deskilling","level":3,"score":0.8189131021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.47456246614456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4282990097999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33547329902648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2885844111442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25364917516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18412768840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13238656520843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11030114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/3/114/pdf?version=1677058377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6953051863334cc9ba246b7125996002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6953051863334cc9ba246b7125996002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 114 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/11/3/114/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11030114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11030114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/3/114/pdf?version=1677058377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321495910.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821977771","https://openalex.org/W1934850694","https://openalex.org/W1992913574","https://openalex.org/W1993263278","https://openalex.org/W1998080559","https://openalex.org/W2021009632","https://openalex.org/W2028166221","https://openalex.org/W2046748552","https://openalex.org/W2055094034","https://openalex.org/W2071107454","https://openalex.org/W2128989629","https://openalex.org/W2132952795","https://openalex.org/W2158902477","https://openalex.org/W2327119273","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2564416701","https://openalex.org/W2611356021","https://openalex.org/W2614961726","https://openalex.org/W2617855442","https://openalex.org/W2752615075","https://openalex.org/W2776577525","https://openalex.org/W2786141192","https://openalex.org/W2788460684","https://openalex.org/W2793853134","https://openalex.org/W2808347617","https://openalex.org/W2886756653","https://openalex.org/W2887495823","https://openalex.org/W2888387432","https://openalex.org/W2899239899","https://openalex.org/W2987392587","https://openalex.org/W2998048344","https://openalex.org/W3001412476","https://openalex.org/W3021644002","https://openalex.org/W3041887358","https://openalex.org/W3045566682","https://openalex.org/W3048825869","https://openalex.org/W3082949313","https://openalex.org/W3092935311","https://openalex.org/W3096967565","https://openalex.org/W3112852183","https://openalex.org/W3113694942","https://openalex.org/W3117669565","https://openalex.org/W3121918109","https://openalex.org/W3122245868","https://openalex.org/W3123634517","https://openalex.org/W3124197536","https://openalex.org/W3124401164","https://openalex.org/W3124534840","https://openalex.org/W3126711410","https://openalex.org/W3130582516","https://openalex.org/W3147517805","https://openalex.org/W3166972332","https://openalex.org/W3170036795","https://openalex.org/W3170494682","https://openalex.org/W3174807559","https://openalex.org/W3175534051","https://openalex.org/W3182394888","https://openalex.org/W3196150229","https://openalex.org/W3201434986","https://openalex.org/W3204779945","https://openalex.org/W3211345348","https://openalex.org/W3213128094","https://openalex.org/W4200393988","https://openalex.org/W4210465889","https://openalex.org/W4214587503","https://openalex.org/W4214807058","https://openalex.org/W4225726717","https://openalex.org/W4226241603","https://openalex.org/W4226503007","https://openalex.org/W4240275752","https://openalex.org/W4281694632","https://openalex.org/W4283273629","https://openalex.org/W4294868395","https://openalex.org/W4296049621","https://openalex.org/W4308454735","https://openalex.org/W6744333445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4231912385","https://openalex.org/W4206422554","https://openalex.org/W2500655815","https://openalex.org/W4248409651","https://openalex.org/W2070918649","https://openalex.org/W2155966959","https://openalex.org/W2615481974","https://openalex.org/W1992974296","https://openalex.org/W1981237115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,184],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"AI":[4,18,41,65,161],"at":[5],"work":[6,141],"impacts":[7],"on-the-job":[8,35,45,80,117],"learning,":[9],"shedding":[10],"light":[11],"on":[12,21,34,116,162],"workers\u2019":[13],"reactions":[14],"to":[15,74,190,196,199,203],"the":[16,71,157,169,172,178],"groundbreaking":[17],"technology.":[19],"Based":[20],"theoretical":[22],"analysis,":[23],"six":[24],"hypotheses":[25],"are":[26],"proposed":[27],"regarding":[28],"three":[29],"aspects":[30],"of":[31,55,160,171,182],"AI\u2019s":[32,84,114],"influence":[33],"learning.":[36,81,107],"Empirical":[37],"results":[38],"demonstrate":[39],"that":[40,64,113],"significantly":[42],"inhibits":[43],"people\u2019s":[44,91],"learning":[46,118,164],"and":[47,57,76,87,102,125,135,140,153,195],"this":[48,183],"conclusion":[49],"holds":[50],"true":[51],"in":[52],"a":[53],"series":[54],"robustness":[56],"endogeneity":[58],"checks.":[59],"The":[60],"impact":[61,115],"mechanism":[62],"is":[63,119,165],"makes":[66],"workers":[67],"more":[68,120,146,150,166],"pessimistic":[69],"about":[70],"future,":[72],"leading":[73],"burnout":[75],"less":[77,137],"motivation":[78],"for":[79,105,122,188],"In":[82,143,168],"addition,":[83],"replacement,":[85],"mismatch,":[86],"deskilling":[88],"effects":[89],"decrease":[90],"income":[92],"while":[93],"extending":[94],"working":[95],"hours,":[96],"reducing":[97],"their":[98],"available":[99],"financial":[100],"resources":[101],"disposable":[103],"time":[104],"further":[106,163],"Moreover,":[108],"it":[109],"has":[110],"been":[111],"found":[112],"prominent":[121],"older,":[123],"female":[124],"less-educated":[126],"employees,":[127],"as":[128,130],"well":[129],"those":[131],"without":[132],"labor":[133,155],"contracts":[134],"with":[136,145],"job":[138],"autonomy":[139],"experience.":[142],"regions":[144],"intense":[147],"human\u2013AI":[148,206],"competition,":[149],"labor-management":[151],"conflicts,":[152],"poorer":[154],"protection,":[156],"inhibitory":[158],"effect":[159],"pronounced.":[167],"context":[170],"fourth":[173],"technological":[174],"revolution":[175],"driving":[176],"forward":[177],"intelligent":[179],"transformation,":[180],"findings":[181],"have":[185],"important":[186],"implications":[187],"enterprises":[189],"better":[191,205],"understand":[192],"employee":[193],"behaviors":[194],"promote":[197],"them":[198],"acquire":[200],"new":[201],"skills":[202],"achieve":[204],"teaming.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
