{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313361102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015","title":"On the Notion of Digital Twins: A Modeling Perspective","display_name":"On the Notion of Digital Twins: A Modeling Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313361102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/15/pdf?version=1672378903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/15/pdf?version=1672378903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002683918","display_name":"Bedir Teki\u0307nerdo\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8538-7261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bedir Tekinerdogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002683918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.1183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91987528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6834685802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamodeling","display_name":"Metamodeling","score":0.6193797588348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5658779740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47879061102867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4513482451438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4146333336830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38625624775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3594469428062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.30077487230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2015284299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14102131128311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1327189803123474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6834685802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86610423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925081","display_name":"Metamodeling","level":2,"score":0.6193797588348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5658779740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47879061102867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4513482451438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4146333336830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38625624775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3594469428062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.30077487230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2015284299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14102131128311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1327189803123474}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/15/pdf?version=1672378903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/610836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/on-the-notion-of-digital-twins-a-modeling-perspective","pdf_url":"https://edepot.wur.nl/587715","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2079-8954","raw_type":"Article/Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b4f6379ba3d4c2bb75b554027f244e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b4f6379ba3d4c2bb75b554027f244e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 15 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/11/1/15/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 15","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems11010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/15/pdf?version=1672378903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313361102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313361102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967384977","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2518003110","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3083585290","https://openalex.org/W3127757142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080167534","https://openalex.org/W3146440365","https://openalex.org/W2011315860","https://openalex.org/W2130588191","https://openalex.org/W2140792736","https://openalex.org/W2280241695","https://openalex.org/W2083372954","https://openalex.org/W4239214709","https://openalex.org/W86865726","https://openalex.org/W2913711650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,140],"digital":[1,5,60,83,111,131,152,174],"twin":[2],"is":[3,72,142,167],"a":[4,8,22,52,64,92,104,114,127,134],"replica":[6],"of":[7,24,37,82,110,120,149,162,173],"physical":[9],"entity":[10],"that":[11,144,169],"can":[12],"be":[13,177],"remotely":[14],"controlled,":[15],"which":[16,70],"allows":[17],"for":[18,21,130],"sophisticated":[19],"control":[20],"variety":[23],"reasons.":[25],"Digital":[26],"twins":[27,84,112,132,175],"are":[28],"made":[29],"possible":[30],"using":[31],"various":[32,89],"technologies":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,133],"Internet":[36],"Things,":[38],"sensor":[39],"technology,":[40],"artificial":[41,178],"intelligence,":[42],"data":[43],"science,":[44],"and":[45,85,124,154],"machine":[46],"learning.":[47],"With":[48],"this,":[49],"it":[50,166],"represents":[51],"new":[53],"stage":[54],"in":[55,69,88,122,138,164],"smart":[56],"systems":[57,62,150],"engineering.":[58],"Developing":[59],"twin-based":[61],"necessitates":[63],"holistic":[65],"system":[66],"engineering":[67,123],"approach":[68],"modeling":[71,93,115,121,163],"critical.":[73],"Various":[74],"studies":[75],"have":[76],"been":[77,97],"published":[78],"on":[79,107,158],"the":[80,108,118,146,159,170],"notion":[81,109],"its":[86],"applications":[87],"domains,":[90],"but":[91],"perspective":[94],"has":[95],"not":[96],"explicitly":[98],"considered.":[99],"Hence,":[100],"this":[101],"article":[102],"provides":[103],"novel":[105],"insight":[106],"from":[113],"perspective,":[116],"describing":[117],"evolution":[119,161],"likewise":[125],"providing":[126],"rational":[128],"basis":[129],"next":[135,171],"logical":[136],"step":[137,172],"modeling.":[139,155],"metamodel":[141],"provided":[143],"integrates":[145],"key":[147],"concepts":[148],"engineering,":[151,165],"twins,":[153],"While":[156],"elaborating":[157],"existing":[160],"stated":[168],"will":[176],"twins.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}