{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309852223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232","title":"Does Internet Use Affect Citizens\u2019 Perception of Social Safety? A Cross-Sectional Survey in China","display_name":"Does Internet Use Affect Citizens\u2019 Perception of Social Safety? A Cross-Sectional Survey in China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309852223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/232/pdf?version=1669280162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/232/pdf?version=1669280162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347969","display_name":"Zicheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-7455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zicheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046372467","display_name":"Huiting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058467326","display_name":"Lijuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642368","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064757773","display_name":"Mingxing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-5660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058467326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82186607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.8266322612762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5531700849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-data-collection","display_name":"Survey data collection","score":0.5502837896347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4937179982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.48639610409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogeneity","display_name":"Endogeneity","score":0.45155417919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"Risk perception","score":0.4198521375656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.361575186252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3110327124595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1205872893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10240858793258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.8266322612762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5531700849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.5502837896347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4937179982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48639610409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.45155417919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.4198521375656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.361575186252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3110327124595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1205872893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10240858793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/232/pdf?version=1669280162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb20258bf91d42bcba0cec6254fe57ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb20258bf91d42bcba0cec6254fe57ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 232 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-8954/10/6/232/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems; Volume 10; Issue 6; Pages: 232","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems10060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/6/232/pdf?version=1669280162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6619148213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21FGLB067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309852223.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309852223.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W856747033","https://openalex.org/W1519731360","https://openalex.org/W1995409817","https://openalex.org/W2015435305","https://openalex.org/W2072065054","https://openalex.org/W2089667596","https://openalex.org/W2095823787","https://openalex.org/W2102770351","https://openalex.org/W2417609315","https://openalex.org/W2480537114","https://openalex.org/W2536936149","https://openalex.org/W2557448015","https://openalex.org/W2618589928","https://openalex.org/W2625689980","https://openalex.org/W2738785928","https://openalex.org/W2768656387","https://openalex.org/W2771053576","https://openalex.org/W2784257752","https://openalex.org/W2792553522","https://openalex.org/W2810318119","https://openalex.org/W2884702161","https://openalex.org/W2887069552","https://openalex.org/W2889832328","https://openalex.org/W2892571321","https://openalex.org/W2895937473","https://openalex.org/W2900906884","https://openalex.org/W2914466757","https://openalex.org/W2946910395","https://openalex.org/W2948606604","https://openalex.org/W2959692514","https://openalex.org/W2982027074","https://openalex.org/W2997453147","https://openalex.org/W2997610531","https://openalex.org/W3008134522","https://openalex.org/W3010925495","https://openalex.org/W3013475939","https://openalex.org/W3015216621","https://openalex.org/W3015998441","https://openalex.org/W3021813728","https://openalex.org/W3022895578","https://openalex.org/W3025344652","https://openalex.org/W3035483941","https://openalex.org/W3036248576","https://openalex.org/W3040145761","https://openalex.org/W3048310131","https://openalex.org/W3080880935","https://openalex.org/W3087056818","https://openalex.org/W3088985382","https://openalex.org/W3089362078","https://openalex.org/W3090747146","https://openalex.org/W3094709634","https://openalex.org/W3112467085","https://openalex.org/W3119113090","https://openalex.org/W3120697224","https://openalex.org/W3125538541","https://openalex.org/W3133494571","https://openalex.org/W3134081764","https://openalex.org/W3135403150","https://openalex.org/W3200666969","https://openalex.org/W3200824632","https://openalex.org/W3214556172","https://openalex.org/W4200519354","https://openalex.org/W4200608875","https://openalex.org/W4206122584","https://openalex.org/W4210811567","https://openalex.org/W4211151633","https://openalex.org/W4220703681","https://openalex.org/W4223634898","https://openalex.org/W4282588375","https://openalex.org/W4307746235","https://openalex.org/W6774438020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3164230063","https://openalex.org/W4252805411","https://openalex.org/W3185282108","https://openalex.org/W2621152421","https://openalex.org/W2497268598","https://openalex.org/W2901985463","https://openalex.org/W2100026337","https://openalex.org/W3165722027","https://openalex.org/W2318072371","https://openalex.org/W2022561594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,4,24,46,89,108,113,119,150,162,200],"advent":[2],"of":[3,26,39,48,58,91,164],"Internet":[5,27,49,52,70,73,102,140,174,178,188],"has":[6],"changed":[7],"how":[8],"risk":[9,15],"information":[10,171],"develops":[11],"and":[12,51,72,115,118,156,177],"disseminates,":[13],"citizens\u2019":[14,37,56,82],"perception":[16,38,57],"alters":[17],"correspondingly.":[18],"Although":[19],"extant":[20],"studies":[21],"have":[22,34,76],"explored":[23],"impacts":[25],"use":[28,50,53,71,74,141],"on":[29,36,55,81,147,199],"citizens,":[30],"only":[31],"a":[32,77,143,165,194],"few":[33],"focused":[35],"social":[40,59,83],"safety":[41,60,84],"exclusively.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44,106],"examined":[45],"effect":[47],"frequency":[54,75],"with":[61],"2017":[62],"China":[63],"Social":[64],"Survey":[65],"data.":[66],"It":[67,159],"found":[68],"that":[69,139,161],"significant":[78],"negative":[79,145],"impact":[80,146],"perception.":[85],"Compared":[86],"to":[87,168,192],"non-users,":[88],"probability":[90],"perceiving":[92],"society":[93],"as":[94],"very":[95],"safe":[96],"decreases":[97],"significantly":[98],"by":[99,111],"2.3%":[100],"for":[101],"users.":[103],"Subsequently,":[104],"this":[105],"avoided":[107],"endogeneity":[109],"issues":[110],"employing":[112],"Bioprobit":[114],"CMP":[116],"methods,":[117],"robustness":[120],"check":[121],"adopted":[122],"propensity":[123],"score":[124],"matching":[125],"methods.":[126],"In":[127,184],"general,":[128],"it":[129],"supported":[130],"results":[131],"in":[132,149],"benchmark":[133],"regression.":[134],"The":[135],"heterogeneity":[136],"analysis":[137],"indicated":[138],"had":[142],"higher":[144],"citizens":[148],"western":[151],"region,":[152],"rural":[153],"household":[154],"registration,":[155],"middle-aged":[157],"groups.":[158],"suggests":[160],"establishment":[163],"comprehensive":[166],"mechanism":[167],"regulate":[169],"online":[170],"involving":[172],"governments,":[173],"industrial":[175],"organizations,":[176],"users":[179],"may":[180],"improve":[181],"governance":[182],"effectiveness.":[183],"addition,":[185],"education":[186],"targeting":[187],"literacy":[189],"is":[190],"required":[191],"enable":[193],"more":[195],"rational":[196],"citizen":[197],"participation":[198],"Internet.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-11-29T00:00:00"}